Goodness and beauty have always been important topics of debate in the field of philosophy and aesthetics. The present study used behavior and event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether moral beauty judgments and moral goodness judgments involve different cognitive processes or the same cognitive process under different language labels for the same human act. Behavioral results showed that individuals gave significantly higher scores for a beautiful face than an ugly face when making moral beauty judgments, but there were no significant differences between the two conditions when making moral goodness judgments. The ERP experiment displayed larger P2 amplitudes and the late positive potential (LPP) amplitude was elicited when displaying beautiful faces but not ugly faces during moral beauty judgments. However, during moral goodness judgments, the P2 and LPP showed no significant differences under the two conditions. In general, we conclude that moral beauty judgments and moral goodness judgments involve different cognitive processes, although they objectively refer to the same human act. One of the most important differences between moral beauty judgments and moral goodness judgments was that the former process involved an image, whereas the latter did not. The present conclusion provides important insights into the research in aesthetic perception and moral sense.

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道德美判断与道德善判断的认知过程差异

善与美一直是哲学和美学领域争论的重要话题。本研究使用行为和事件相关电位（ERP）来研究道德美判断和道德善判断是否涉及不同的认知过程或同一人类行为在不同语言标签下的相同认知过程。行为结果表明，个体在做出道德美感判断时，对美貌的评分明显高于丑陋的面孔，但在做出道德善良性判断时，两者之间没有显着差异。ERP 实验显示出较大的 P2 振幅，并且在道德美判断中显示美丽的面孔而不是丑陋的面孔时会引发晚期正电位（LPP）振幅。然而，在道德良善判断中，P2和LPP在两种情况下均无显着差异。总的来说，我们得出结论，道德美判断和道德善判断涉及不同的认知过程，尽管它们客观地指的是同一个人类行为。道德美判断和道德良善判断之间最重要的区别之一是，前者过程涉及图像，而后者则不涉及。目前的结论为美感和道德意识的研究提供了重要的见解。道德美判断和道德良善判断之间最重要的区别之一是，前者过程涉及图像，而后者则不涉及。目前的结论为美感和道德意识的研究提供了重要的见解。道德美判断和道德良善判断之间最重要的区别之一是，前者过程涉及图像，而后者则不涉及。目前的结论为美感和道德意识的研究提供了重要的见解。