In view of the unresolved mind–brain problem, we examine a number of prototypical research attitudes regarding the question, how the mental and the neuronal realms are related to each other, both functionally and ontologically. By discussing neurophilosophical and neuropsychological positions, the mind–brain problem can be recast in terms of a structural relation between methodological and content-related aspects. Although this reformulation does not immediately lead to a solution, it draws attention to the necessity of searching for a new way of balancing separating and integrating elements regarding content as well as method. As a relatively unknown alternative in this context we investigate an approach by the philosopher Rudolf Steiner. It comprises a firstperson method, along with the theoretical background of what has come to be known as the mirror metaphor – an analogy for the brain as a necessary but not a sufficient basis for mental activity. Through a first-person study, this approach is scrutinized using volitionally controlled perceptual reversals. The results allow for a phenomenological distinction of processual phases which can be summarized as engaging and disengaging forms of mental activity. Finally, we initiate a discussion in view of related philosophical concepts and give an outlook on the next possible research steps.

中文翻译：

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大脑和意识的外部和内部维度 - 提炼和整合现象层

鉴于尚未解决的心脑问题，我们研究了许多关于该问题的典型研究态度，即心理和神经元领域在功能和本体论上如何相互关联。通过讨论神经哲学和神经心理学的立场，可以根据方法论和内容相关方面之间的结构关系重新定义心脑问题。虽然这种重新表述并没有立即导致解决方案，但它提请注意寻找一种新的方式来平衡内容和方法的分离和整合元素的必要性。作为在这种情况下相对未知的替代方案，我们研究了哲学家鲁道夫施泰纳的一种方法。它包括第一人称方法，以及后来被称为镜像隐喻的理论背景——将大脑类比为心理活动的必要但不充分的基础。通过第一人称研究，使用意志控制的知觉逆转来仔细检查这种方法。结果允许对过程阶段进行现象学区分，可以将其概括为参与和脱离的心理活动形式。最后，我们针对相关的哲学概念展开讨论，并对下一步可能的研究步骤进行展望。结果允许对过程阶段进行现象学区分，可以将其概括为参与和脱离的心理活动形式。最后，我们针对相关的哲学概念展开讨论，并对下一步可能的研究步骤进行展望。结果允许对过程阶段进行现象学区分，可以将其概括为参与和脱离的心理活动形式。最后，我们针对相关的哲学概念展开讨论，并对下一步可能的研究步骤进行展望。