The aim of the current study was to transfer the method of using isolated kinematics information combined with the examination of perceptual-cognitive processes to gymnastics judging and thereby investigating the informational underpinnings of skilled perception and judgment. More specifically, a combination of process-tracing methods that include both the gaze pattern (via eye tracking) and the performance judgment (via ratings on a six-point Likert scale) of participants with different gymnastics expertise (visual experts, n = 14, motor experts, n = 17, novices, n = 18) was employed for gymnastics performances of a floor routine (round off, back handspring, back layout somersault), which were shown as videos in original or in stick-figure format. Gaze pattern was analyzed for the whole floor routine as well as for the particular temporal-spatial windows of the three motor skills. Differences between visual experts, motor experts, and novices could be found concerning the judgment score, ηp2 = .242, and the judgment accuracy, ηp2 = .196, but not the gaze pattern. The significant interaction effects between skill and format for the gaze pattern show the importance of the last skill in the judgment processes. Further research should investigate the influence of judgment instruction on the gaze pattern as well as the importance of the last skill for the judgment score.

中文翻译：

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使用基本运动学信息探索体操中的认知和感知判断过程

本研究的目的是将使用孤立运动学信息结合感知认知过程检查的方法转移到体操判断中，从而研究熟练感知和判断的信息基础。更具体地说，过程跟踪方法的组合包括具有不同体操专业知识的参与者（视觉专家，n = 14，运动专家，n = 17，新手，n = 18）被用于地板常规的体操表演（圆形，后手翻，背部布局翻筋斗），以原始或简笔图格式显示为视频。分析了整个地板程序以及三种运动技能的特定时空窗口的凝视模式。视觉专家、运动专家和新手之间的差异在于判断分数 ηp2 = .242 和判断准确度 ηp2 = .196，但不是注视模式。凝视模式的技能和格式之间的显着交互作用表明最后一项技能在判断过程中的重要性。进一步的研究应该调查判断指令对注视模式的影响以及最后一项技能对判断分数的重要性。凝视模式的技能和格式之间的显着交互作用表明最后一项技能在判断过程中的重要性。进一步的研究应该调查判断指令对注视模式的影响以及最后一项技能对判断分数的重要性。凝视模式的技能和格式之间的显着交互作用表明最后一项技能在判断过程中的重要性。进一步的研究应该调查判断指令对注视模式的影响以及最后一项技能对判断分数的重要性。