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Effects of brewers’ spent grain protein hydrolysates on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community in an artificial rumen fed a high grain diet
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology ( IF 7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 , DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00531-5
Tao Ran , Long Jin , Ranithri Abeynayake , Atef Mohamed Saleem , Xiumin Zhang , Dongyan Niu , Lingyun Chen , Wenzhu Yang

Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) typically contains 20% – 29% crude protein (CP) with high concentrations of glutamine, proline and hydrophobic and non-polar amino acid, making it an ideal material for producing value-added products like bioactive peptides which have antioxidant properties. For this study, protein was extracted from BSG, hydrolyzed with 1% alcalase and flavourzyme, with the generated protein hydrolysates (AlcH and FlaH) showing antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the effects of AlcH and FlaH on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, nutrient disappearance, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community using an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a high-grain diet. As compared to the control of grain only, supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) disappearances of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP and starch, without affecting fibre disappearances; while AlcH had no effect on nutrient disappearance. Neither AlcH nor FlaH affected gas production or VFA profiles, however they increased (P < 0.01) NH3-N and decreased (P < 0.01) H2 production. Supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) the percentage of CH4 in total gas and dissolved-CH4 (dCH4) in dissolved gas. Addition of monensin reduced (P < 0.01) disappearance of nutrients, improved fermentation efficiency and reduced CH4 and H2 emissions. Total microbial nitrogen production was decreased (P < 0.05) but the proportion of feed particle associated (FPA) bacteria was increased with FlaH and monensin supplementation. Numbers of OTUs and Shannon diversity indices of FPA microbial community were unaffected by AlcH and FlaH; whereas both indices were reduced (P < 0.05) by monensin. Taxonomic analysis revealed no effect of AlcH and FlaH on the relative abundance (RA) of bacteria at phylum level, whereas monensin reduced (P < 0.05) the RA of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and enhanced Proteobacteria. Supplementation of FlaH enhanced (P < 0.05) the RA of genus Prevotella, reduced Selenomonas, Shuttleworthia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister as compared to control; monensin reduced (P < 0.05) RA of genus Prevotella but enhaced Succinivibrio. The supplementation of FlaH in high-grain diets may potentially protect CP and starch from ruminal degradation, without adversely affecting fibre degradation and VFA profiles. It also showed promising effects on reducing CH4 production by suppressing H2 production. Protein enzymatic hydrolysates from BSG using flavourzyme showed potential application to high value-added bio-products.

中文翻译:

在高谷物饮食的人工瘤胃中,啤酒糟谷物蛋白水解物对产气,瘤胃发酵特性,微生物蛋白合成和微生物群落的影响

啤酒厂的废谷物(BSG)通常包含20%– 29%的粗蛋白(CP)和高浓度的谷氨酰胺,脯氨酸以及疏水性和非极性氨基酸,使其成为生产高附加值产品(如生物活性肽)的理想材料具有抗氧化性能。对于本研究,从BSG中提取蛋白质,并用1%的碱性蛋白酶和风味酶水解,生成的蛋白质水解产物(AlcH和FlaH)显示出抗氧化活性。这项研究使用高粒饮食喂养的人工瘤胃系统(RUSITEC)评估了AlcH和FlaH对产气,瘤胃发酵特性,营养消失,微生物蛋白合成和微生物群落的影响。与仅对照相比,FlaH的添加减少了干物质(DM)的消失(P <0.01),有机物(OM),CP和淀粉,但不影响纤维消失;AlcH对营养消失没有影响。AlcH和FlaH都不会影响气体产量或VFA曲线,但是它们增加了(P <0.01)NH3-N而减少了(P <0.01)H2产生。FlaH的添加减少(P <0.01)CH4在总气体中的百分比和溶解的CH4(dCH4)在溶解气体中的百分比。莫能菌素的添加减少了养分的消失(P <0.01),提高了发酵效率并减少了CH4和H2的排放。随着FlaH和莫能菌素的添加,总的微生物氮产量降低(P <0.05),但饲料颗粒相关(FPA)细菌的比例增加。FPA微生物群落的OTU数量和香农多样性指数不受AlcH和FlaH的影响;而莫能菌素使两种指标均降低(P <0.05)。分类学分析表明,AlcH和FlaH在菌落水平上对细菌的相对丰度(RA)无影响,而莫能菌素则降低(P <0.05)Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes的RA并增强了变形杆菌。与对照组相比,补充FlaH可增强普雷沃特氏菌属的RA(P <0.05),减少硒单胞菌,Shuttleworthia,双歧杆菌和Dialister;莫能菌素降低了普氏菌属的RA(P <0.05),但增强了琥珀弧菌。在高谷物饮食中添加FlaH可能潜在地保护CP和淀粉免受瘤胃降解,而不会不利地影响纤维降解和VFA分布。它也显示出通过抑制H2产生来减少CH4产生的有希望的作用。
更新日期:2021-01-04
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