This study aims to systematically review the effects of maternal vitamin and/or mineral supplementation on the content of breast milk. We systematically searched electronic databases including Medline via PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science till May 24, 2018. The following terms were used systematically in all mentioned databases: (“human milk” OR “breast milk” OR “breast milk composition” OR “human breast milk composition” OR “composition breast milk” OR “mother milk” OR “human breast milk” OR “maternal milk”) AND (“vitamin a” OR “retinol” OR “retinal” OR “retinoic acid” OR “beta-carotene” OR “beta carotene” OR “ascorbic acid” OR “l-ascorbic acid” OR “l ascorbic acid” OR “vitamin c” OR “vitamin d” OR “cholecalciferol” OR “ergocalciferol” OR “calciferol” OR “vitamin e” OR “tocopherol” OR “tocotrienol” OR “alpha-tocopherol” OR “alpha tocopherol” OR “α-tocopherol” OR “α tocopherol” OR “vitamin k” OR “vitamin b” OR “vitamin b complex” OR “zinc” OR “iron” OR “copper” Or “selenium” OR “manganese” OR “magnesium”) and we searched Medline via Medical subject Headings (MeSH) terms. We searched Google Scholar for to increase the sensitivity of our search. The search was conducted on human studies, but it was not limited to the title and abstract. Methodological quality and risk of bias of included studies were evaluated by Jadad scale and Cochrane risk of bias tools, respectively. This review included papers on three minerals (zinc, iron, selenium) and 6 vitamins (vitamin A, B, D, C, E and K) in addition to multi-vitamin supplements. Although studies had different designs, e.g. not using random allocation and/or blinding, our findings suggest that maternal use of some dietary supplements, including vitamin A, D, vitamin B1, B2 and vitamin C might be reflected in human milk. Vitamin supplements had agreater effect on breast milk composition compared to minerals. Higher doses of supplements showed higher effects and they were reflected more in colostrum than in the mature milk. Maternal dietary vitamin and/or mineral supplementation, particularly fat- soluble vitamins, vitamin B1, B2 and C might be reflected in the breast milk composition. No difference was found between mega dose and single dose administration of minerals.

中文翻译：

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营养补充剂和母乳成分：干预研究的系统评价

本研究旨在系统地审查母亲补充维生素和/或矿物质对母乳含量的影响。截至 2018 年 5 月 24 日，我们通过 PubMed、Scopus 和 ISI Web of Science 系统地检索了包括 Medline 在内的电子数据库。 在所有提到的数据库中系统地使用了以下术语：（“母乳”或“母乳”或“母乳成分”或“母乳成分”或“母乳成分”或“母乳”或“母乳”或“母乳”）和（“维生素a”或“视黄醇”或“视黄醛”或“视黄酸”或“β-胡萝卜素”或“β-胡萝卜素”或“抗坏血酸”或“l-抗坏血酸”或“l抗坏血酸”或“维生素c”或“维生素 d”或“胆钙化醇”或“麦角钙化醇”或“钙化醇”或“维生素 e”或“生育酚”或“生育三烯酚”或“α-生育酚”或“α-生育酚”或“α-生育酚”或“α-生育酚” ”或“维生素 k”或“维生素 b”或“维生素 b 复合物”或“锌”或“铁”或“铜”或“硒”或“锰”或“镁”），我们通过医学主题标题搜索了 Medline (MeSH) 术语。我们搜索了 Google Scholar 以提高搜索的敏感性。搜索是针对人体研究进行的，但不限于标题和摘要。纳入研究的方法学质量和偏倚风险分别通过 Jadad 量表和 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具进行评估。这篇综述包括关于三种矿物质（锌、铁、硒）和 6 种维生素（维生素 A、B、D、C、E 和 K）以及多种维生素补充剂的论文。尽管研究有不同的设计，例如不使用随机分配和/或盲法，但我们的研究结果表明，母亲对某些膳食补充剂的使用，包括维生素 A、D、维生素 B1、B2 和维生素 C 可能会反映在母乳中。与矿物质相比，维生素补充剂对母乳成分的影响更大。更高剂量的补充剂显示出更高的效果，并且它们在初乳中的反映比在成熟乳中更多。母亲膳食维生素和/或矿物质补充剂，特别是脂溶性维生素、维生素 B1、B2 和 C 可能会反映在母乳成分中。矿物质的大剂量和单剂量给药之间没有发现差异。