Introduction: Cognitive deficits and metabolic disturbances are among the main determinants of functional impairment and reduced life expectancy in patients with schizophrenia, and they may share underlying biological mechanisms. Among these, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a key mediator of inflammatory response, is of particular interest. IL-1β C-511T polymorphism has been associated with neuropsychiatric conditions and, in the general population, with cognitive and metabolic alterations. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the IL-1β C-511T polymorphism on both cognition and metabolic syndrome in a sample of patients affected by schizophrenia, with a focus on sex differences. Methods: 138 patients with schizophrenia were assessed for metabolic parameters and neurocognitive measures by means of the Brief Assessment of Cognition Scale. The effects of IL-1β C-511T polymorphism on cognition and metabolic syndrome were evaluated in the context of general linear models. Results: The analysis showed a significant interaction between IL-1β genotype and sex on 2 core cognitive domains. In detail, among CC homozygous, females outperformed males on processing speed, while among T carriers, males outperformed females on executive functions. A significant interaction also emerged between metabolic syndrome, sex, and IL-1β genotype for executive functions, with worse performance for T carrier females with metabolic syndrome. No significant direct effect was observed for metabolic syndrome on cognition. Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that IL-1β polymorphism could play a key role in mediating the complex and refined relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive performance.
Neuropsychobiology

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症的认知：模拟白细胞介素-1β C-511T 多态性、代谢综合征和性别之间的相互作用

简介：认知缺陷和代谢紊乱是精神分裂症患者功能障碍和预期寿命缩短的主要决定因素之一，它们可能具有共同的潜在生物学机制。其中，炎症反应的关键介质白细胞介素 1β (IL-1β) 尤其令人感兴趣。IL-1β C-511T 多态性与神经精神疾病有关，在一般人群中，与认知和代谢改变有关。本研究旨在评估 IL-1β C-511T 多态性对精神分裂症患者样本中认知和代谢综合征的影响，重点关注性别差异。方法：通过认知量表的简要评估，对 138 名精神分裂症患者的代谢参数和神经认知指标进行了评估。在一般线性模型的背景下评估了 IL-1β C-511T 多态性对认知和代谢综合征的影响。结果：分析显示 IL-1β 基因型与性别在 2 个核心认知领域存在显着的相互作用。具体来说，在 CC 纯合子中，女性在处理速度上的表现优于男性，而在 T 携带者中，男性在执行功能上的表现优于女性。代谢综合征、性别和执行功能的 IL-1β 基因型之间也出现了显着的相互作用，代谢综合征的 T 携带者女性表现较差。代谢综合征对认知没有显着的直接影响。结论：这些发现支持这样的假设，即 IL-1β 多态性可能在介导代谢综合征与认知表现之间复杂而精细的关系中发挥关键作用。
神经心理生物学