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Dynamics of topological defects and structural synchronization in a forming periodic tissue
Nature Physics ( IF 19.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 , DOI: 10.1038/s41567-020-01069-z
Maksim Beliaev , Dana Zöllner , Alexandra Pacureanu , Paul Zaslansky , Igor Zlotnikov

Living organisms form a large variety of hierarchically structured extracellular functional tissues. Remarkably, these materials exhibit regularity and structural coherence across multiple length scales, far beyond the size of a single cell. Here, synchrotron-based nanotomographic imaging in combination with machine-learning-based segmentation is used to reveal the structural synchronization process of nacre forming in the shell of the mollusc Unio pictorum. We show that the emergence of this highly regular layered structure is driven by a disorder-to-order transition achieved through the motion and interaction of screw-like structural dislocations with an opposite topological sign. Using an analogy to similar processes observed in liquid-crystalline systems, we demonstrate that these microstructural faults act as dissipative topological defects coupled by an elastic distortion field surrounding their cores. Their mutual annihilation results in structural synchronization that is simulated using the classical Kuramoto model. The developed experimental, theoretical and numerical framework provides a comprehensive physical view of the formation of biogenic materials.



中文翻译:

形成的周期性组织中的拓扑缺陷动力学和结构同步

活的有机体形成多种层次结构的细胞外功能组织。值得注意的是,这些材料在多个长度尺度上表现出规律性和结构一致性,远远超出单个细胞的大小。在这里,基于同步加速器的纳米断层成像与基于机器学习的分割相结合,用于揭示软体动物Unio pictorum壳中珍珠层形成的结构同步过程. 我们表明,这种高度规则的层状结构的出现是由具有相反拓扑符号的螺旋状结构位错的运动和相互作用实现的无序到有序的转变所驱动的。使用与在液晶系统中观察到的类似过程进行类比,我们证明这些微结构故障充当耗散拓扑缺陷,并通过围绕其核心的弹性变形场耦合。它们的相互湮灭导致使用经典 Kuramoto 模型模拟的结构同步。开发的实验、理论和数值框架为生物材料的形成提供了一个全面的物理视图。

更新日期:2021-01-04
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