Lithium–O₂ batteries represent one of the most appealing candidates for battery electric vehicles because of their remarkable theoretical high energy density, similar to fossil fuels. Solid polymer electrolytes represent a plausible solution to tackle some of the challenges associated with conventional liquid-based Li–O₂ batteries, including safety concerns. Herein, cross-linked robust gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) based on poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether as a plasticizer are prepared by rapid UV-photopolymerization. Both types of robust GPEs presented high ionic conductivity at room temperature (1.6 × 10^–4 and 1.4 × 10^–3 S·cm^–1 for single ion or dual ion, respectively). Both types of GPEs, single-ion and dual-ion lithium conductors, have been compared for the first time on Li–O₂ cells. First, their performance was investigated in symmetrical Li|Li cells. In this case, the dual-ion GPE showed outstanding behavior where the overpotential was <0.2 V versus Li⁰/Li⁺ for more than 40 h at a current density as high as ±1 mA·cm^–2. On the other hand, in the full Li–O₂ configuration, the single-ion GPE cell showed superior discharge capacity, up to 2.38 mA·h·cm^–2. Here, a dynamic discharge characterization technique is proposed as a method for evaluating the polarization effect in electrolytes during discharge in an easy, quantifiable, and reproducible manner.

中文翻译：

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用于Li–O ₂电池的单对双离子UV交联凝胶聚合物电解质

O ₂锂电池代表了电动汽车最吸引人的候选之一，因为其与矿物燃料相似的理论上很高的高能量密度。固态聚合物电解质代表了一种可行的解决方案，可以解决与传统液基Li-O ₂电池相关的一些挑战，包括安全性问题。在此，通过快速UV光聚合制备基于聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和四甘醇二甲醚作为增塑剂的交联的坚固的凝胶聚合物电解质（GPE）。两种类型的坚固型GPE在室温下均具有高离子电导率（1.6×10 ^–4和1.4×10 ^–3 S·cm ^–1分别用于单离子或双离子）。两种类型的GPE，即单离子和双离子锂导体，都首次在Li-O ₂电池上进行了比较。首先，研究了它们在对称Li | Li电池中的性能。在这种情况下，双离子GPE在电流密度高达±1 mA·cm ^–2的情况下，相对于Li ⁰ / Li ^+的过电势<0.2 V持续40 h以上，表现出出色的性能。另一方面，在完整的Li–O ₂配置中，单离子GPE电池显示出卓越的放电容量，最高可达2.38 mA·h·cm ^–2。在此，提出了动态放电特征化技术，作为一种以容易，可量化和可再现的方式评估放电期间电解质中的极化效应的方法。