Cholestasis is one of the most common clinical symptom of liver diseases. If patients do not receive effective treatment, cholestasis can evolve into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and ultimately liver failure requiring liver transplantation. Currently, only ursodeoxycholic acid, obeticholic acid and bezafibrate are FDA-approved drugs, thereby requiring a breakthrough in new mechanisms and therapeutic development. Inflammation is one of the common complications of cholestasis. Hepatic accumulation of toxic hydrophobic bile acids is a highly immunogenic process involving both resident and immigrating immune cells. And the resulting inflammation may further aggravate hepatocyte injury. Though, great investigations have been made in the immune responses during cholestasis, the relationship between immune responses and cholestasis remains unclear. Moreover, scarce reviews summarize the immune responses during cholestasis and the efficacy of therapies on immune response. The main purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature on dysfunctional immune response during cholestasis and the effect of treatment on immune response which may provide an insight for researchers and drug development.

胆汁淤积是肝病最常见的临床症状之一。如果患者没有得到有效的治疗，胆汁淤积会演变成肝纤维化，肝硬化，最终导致肝衰竭，需要进行肝移植。目前，只有熊去氧胆酸，奥贝胆酸和苯扎贝特是FDA批准的药物，因此需要在新机制和治疗开发方面取得突破。炎症是胆汁淤积的常见并发症之一。肝脏中有毒疏水性胆汁酸的积累是一个高度免疫原性的过程，涉及驻留和迁移的免疫细胞。并且所引起的炎症可能进一步加重肝细胞损伤。尽管对胆汁淤积过程中的免疫反应进行了大量研究，但免疫反应与胆汁淤积之间的关系仍不清楚。此外，稀少的综述总结了胆汁淤积过程中的免疫反应以及疗法对免疫反应的功效。本文的主要目的是回顾有关胆汁淤积过程中机能障碍免疫反应的现有文献以及治疗对免疫反应的影响，这可能为研究人员和药物开发提供参考。