In the last decades, various biophysical techniques have been developed to provide more detailed pictures of biological systems of interest. Virus is one of the systems where these new approaches have been most successful. Different stages of the viral replication cycle have been probed with a multitude of biophysical approaches, producing numerous novel findings. To do so, researchers adopted various biophysical techniques best suited to understand the multifarious mechanisms of viral replication. Here, we review biophysical studies on virus during the last decades. This paper aims to be a guide for physicists who are interested in applying their techniques to viruses, so we emphasize preferable experimental methods and their capabilities in the context of virus research. We also provide a brief introduction to the viral replication cycle to help readers understand relevant questions in the field.

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生物物理学方法促进对病毒复制周期的理解

在过去的几十年里，已经开发了各种生物物理技术来提供更详细的生物系统图片。病毒是这些新方法最成功的系统之一。病毒复制周期的不同阶段已经用多种生物物理方法进行了探索，产生了许多新发现。为此，研究人员采用了最适合了解病毒复制的各种机制的各种生物物理技术。在这里，我们回顾了过去几十年对病毒的生物物理学研究。本文旨在为有兴趣将其技术应用于病毒的物理学家提供指导，因此我们强调在病毒研究的背景下更可取的实验方法及其能力。