Stream macroinvertebrates, as non-target organisms, may face with either a single or a complex stressor during a restoration treatment. We quantified the structural, phylogenetic, and functional responses to both single (water retention) and complex (water retention and grazing) stressors and analysed how the ecological quality changes, in order to reveal the potential unwanted consequences in a soda pan restoration. Species composition has been restructured and taxonomic diversity decreased significantly as a response to the complex stressor, while they did not change under the single stress. Neither the single nor the complex stressor influenced the phylogenetic diversity. Functional diversity showed mainly no or reversible changes. Changes in diversity metrics induced changes in Ecological Quality Ratios, but the ecological state decreased only under the complex stressor. Our results suggest that different facets of alpha diversity (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) are complementary and provide different information about community assembly against different stresses. We can support the opinion that taxon, phylogenetic and functional diversity are proper metrics in their own way to assess the impact of stress, but it is necessary to apply them together. Ecological knowledge of this paper could be considered throughout future conservation planning and enhance restoration success in aquatic environments.

作为非目标生物，溪流大型无脊椎动物可能在恢复治疗期间面临单一或复杂的压力源。我们量化了对单个（保水）和复杂（保水和放牧）胁迫的结构，系统发育和功能响应，并分析了生态质量如何变化，以揭示苏打锅修复过程中潜在的不良后果。物种组成已经重组，分类学多样性作为对复杂胁迫的响应而显着降低，而在单一胁迫下却没有变化。单一或复杂应激源均未影响系统发育多样性。功能多样性主要显示无变化或可逆变化。多样性指标的变化导致生态质量比的变化，但是生态状态只有在复杂的胁迫下才降低。我们的结果表明，阿尔法多样性的不同方面（分类学，功能学和系统发育学）是互补的，并且针对不同的压力提供了有关社区组装的不同信息。我们可以支持以下观点：分类群，系统发育和功能多样性以其自身的方式来评估压力的影响是适当的指标，但是有必要将它们一起应用。本文的生态知识可以在未来的保护规划中加以考虑，并可以提高水生环境的恢复成功率。我们可以支持以下观点：分类群，系统发育和功能多样性以其自身的方式来评估压力的影响是适当的指标，但是有必要将它们一起应用。本文的生态知识可以在未来的保护规划中加以考虑，并可以提高水生环境的恢复成功率。我们可以支持以下观点：分类群，系统发育和功能多样性以其自身的方式来评估压力的影响是适当的指标，但是有必要将它们一起应用。本文的生态知识可在未来的保护规划中加以考虑，并增强水生环境的恢复成功。