To investigate the long-term stability of surrounding rock in tunnels in cold regions, the gneiss in the Huibai tunnel of Jilin Province in China was selected for the triaxial creep test after subjecting it to freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles. Furthermore, the influence of F–T cycles on the creep properties of saturated gneiss was analyzed and discussed. The experimental results showed that the increase in the number of F–T cycles increased the creep deformation of gneiss gradually, while the creep failure stress, creep duration, and long-term strength decreased significantly. Additionally, based on the experimental results, a variable-parameter creep damage model was proposed considering the effect of F–T cycles on gneiss. The creep damage model was composed of three components: a Hooke body, a Kelvin body (parallel viscoelastic components), and a new nonlinear viscoplastic damage component. The creep damage model can not only describe the three typical creep stages (primary creep, secondary creep, and tertiary creep), but also reflect the effect of F–T damage on the creep failure stress. The comparison between the creep test curve and fitting curve of the theoretical model verified the accuracy and applicability of the model. The result of this study can provide a reference value for the support design and anti-freeze damage design for geotechnical engineering in cold areas.

为了研究寒冷地区隧道的围岩的长期稳定性，吉林省惠白隧道的片麻岩经过冻融（F–T）循环后被选择用于三轴蠕变试验。此外，分析并讨论了FT循环对饱和片麻岩蠕变特性的影响。实验结果表明，FT循环次数的增加逐渐增加了片麻岩的蠕变变形，而蠕变破坏应力，蠕变持续时间和长期强度明显降低。另外，根据实验结果，考虑到F–T周期对片麻岩的影响，提出了一个可变参数蠕变损伤模型。蠕变损伤模型由三部分组成：胡克体，开尔文体（平行粘弹性体），以及新的非线性粘塑性损伤分量。蠕变损伤模型不仅可以描述三个典型的蠕变阶段（一次蠕变，二次蠕变和三次蠕变），而且可以反映出F–T损伤对蠕变破坏应力的影响。理论模型的蠕变试验曲线与拟合曲线的比较验证了该模型的准确性和适用性。研究结果可为寒冷地区岩土工程的支护设计和防冻破坏设计提供参考。理论模型的蠕变试验曲线与拟合曲线的比较验证了该模型的准确性和适用性。研究结果可为寒冷地区岩土工程的支护设计和防冻破坏设计提供参考。理论模型的蠕变试验曲线与拟合曲线的比较验证了该模型的准确性和适用性。研究结果可为寒冷地区岩土工程的支护设计和防冻破坏设计提供参考。