Recent in situ fine-grid waterfront survey integrated with inland elevation, nearshore depth soundings and wave data are incorporated into procedures for determining natural hazards, which are prevailing or expected at Alexandria/Nile delta interface on the Mediterranean Sea of Egypt. The hazards being assessed include wave runup height, inundation distance, rates of sea-level rise and shoreline change rate. The lateral variation of the hazard values along ~133.8 km which is the total length of the study coast helps with identifying six low-lying vulnerable spots with different potential hazards. Three vulnerable spots [2.3–2.5 m above mean sea level (msl)] are identified at Alexandria, specifically at the Eastern Harbor, Lauran and Mandara-Montaza beaches. In addition, three other low-lying spot areas are distinguished at Idku resort beach (1.0–1.5 m above msl) and on both sides of the western and eastern flanks of the Rosetta Nile promontory (1.0–1.2 m above msl). Detailed analysis of spatial and cross-shore transects generated from near shore/land elevation map marks contrasting elevations that vary from low-lying (− 3 m below msl) to high elevated carbonate ridges parallel to the shore (∼20 m above msl). The high-elevated coastal ridges underlying Alexandria’s seafront—maximum elevation of 12 m above msl—in addition to other protection elements are acting together as a natural quasi-barrier to mitigate sea flooding that may in turn affect the historical low-lying depressions located east and southeast of the city.

结合内陆海拔，近岸深度测深和海浪数据的最新原位细网格海滨调查已被纳入确定自然灾害的程序中，这些自然灾害在埃及地中海的亚历山大港/尼罗河三角洲界面上普遍存在或预期得到。被评估的危害包括波浪上升高度，淹没距离，海平面上升率和海岸线变化率。沿约133.8 km（即研究海岸的总长度）的危险值的横向变化有助于识别六个具有不同潜在危险的低洼脆弱点。在亚历山大港，特别是在东部港口，劳兰和曼达拉-蒙塔萨海滩，发现了三个易受伤害的点[高于平均海平面（msl）2.3-2.5 m]。此外，在伊德库度假区海滩（1.0–1）还区分了其他三个低洼地区。在MSL上方5 m）和Rosetta Nile海角西部和东部侧面的两侧（在MSl上方1.0–1.2 m）。由近岸/陆地高程图生成的空间和跨岸横断面的详细分析，标出了从低洼（msl以下-3 m）到平行于海岸的高架碳酸盐脊（msl以上〜20 m）变化的高程。亚历山德里亚海沿岸的高海拔沿海山脊（最高海拔12 m以上）以及其他保护元素一起作为天然的准屏障，减轻了海上洪灾，可能反过来影响东部历史低洼的洼地和城市的东南部。由近岸/陆地高程图生成的空间和跨岸横断面的详细分析，标出了从低洼（msl以下-3 m）到平行于海岸的高架碳酸盐脊（msl以上〜20 m）变化的高程。亚历山德里亚海沿岸的高海拔沿海山脊（最高海拔12 m以上）以及其他保护元素一起作为天然的准屏障，减轻了海上洪灾，可能反过来影响东部历史低洼的洼地和城市的东南部。从近岸/陆地高程图生成的空间和跨岸横断面的详细分析，标出了从低洼（msl以下-3 m）到平行于海岸的高架碳酸盐脊（msl以上〜20 m）变化的高程。亚历山德里亚海沿岸的高海拔沿海山脊（最高海拔12 m以上）以及其他保护元素一起作为天然的准屏障，减轻了海上洪灾，可能反过来影响东部历史低洼的洼地和城市的东南部。