Nanoparticles are increasingly used in many industrial sectors due to their unique properties, yet their introduction in ecosystems is of concern for health and food security. In particular, the accumulation of nanoparticles in soils may disturb the soil and plant system, possibly inducing a risk for crop production. Here, we review recent advances on nanoparticles in the soil–plant system. We focus on sources, emission, transformation, bioavailability, interactions, phytotoxicity and plant uptake of nanoparticles. We emphasize the genomic, metabolomic and proteomic alterations in plants caused by nanoparticles. Besides negative impacts, benefits of nanoparticles for plant growth are discussed.

纳米颗粒由于其独特的特性而越来越多地用于许多工业领域，但是将其引入生态系统却引起健康和粮食安全的关注。特别是，纳米颗粒在土壤中的积累可能会扰乱土壤和植物系统，从而可能引发农作物生产的风险。在这里，我们回顾了土壤-植物系统中纳米颗粒的最新进展。我们专注于纳米颗粒的来源，排放，转化，生物利用度，相互作用，植物毒性和植物吸收。我们强调由纳米粒子引起的植物基因组，代谢组学和蛋白质组学变化。除了负面影响外，还讨论了纳米粒子对植物生长的好处。