A heterogeneous palladium catalyst system based on immobilization of palladium moieties on a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) modified metal organic framework (MOF) was developed for the Heck and copper-free Sonogashira coupling reactions. In order to prepare this catalyst system, first, MIL-101(Cr) was functionalized with NHC moieties through a post synthetic modification (PSM) approach, and then Pd metal was stabilized on the prepered MIL-101(Cr)-NHC substrate. This material was characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques and then was used as an efficient heterogeneous Pd catalyst system in the Heck and copper-free Sonogashira reactions. Results of the heterogeneity tests showed that the Pd-NHC-MIL-101(Cr) catalyst can efficiently catalyzed these coupling reactions heterogeneously and no remarkable changes observed in the morphology and structure of MIL-101(Cr) template during the reaction progress. Also, existence of palladium nanoparticles immobilized on the MOF structure affirmed by the TEM and XPS analysis confirmed the oxidation state of Pd. A variety of alkene and alkyne derivatives were synthesized in good to excellent yields using this heterogeneous Pd catalyst system under normal conditions. More importantly Pd-NHC-MIL-101(Cr) catalyst was simply recovered from the reaction medium without remarkable decreasing in its catalytic activities after five times of reusability. The ICP analysis showed the very low Pd and Cr metals leaching, representing high stability and applicability of this catalyst in Pd coupling reactions.

基于钯部分固定在N上的非均相钯催化剂体系-杂环卡宾（NHC）改性的金属有机骨架（MOF）被开发用于Heck和无铜Sonogashira偶联反应。为了制备该催化剂体系，首先，通过后合成修饰（PSM）方法用NHC部分将MIL-101（Cr）官能化，然后将Pd金属稳定在预先制成的MIL-101（Cr）-NHC基底上。使用多种显微镜和光谱技术对该材料进行了表征，然后将其用作Heck和无铜Sonogashira反应中的高效多相Pd催化剂体系。非均质性测试结果表明，Pd-NHC-MIL-101（Cr）催化剂能够有效地异质催化这些偶联反应，并且在反应过程中未观察到MIL-101（Cr）模板的形态和​​结构发生明显变化。也，TEM和XPS分析证实了固定在MOF结构上的钯纳米粒子的存在证实了Pd的氧化态。在正常条件下，使用这种非均相钯催化剂体系，可以以高至极好的收率合成各种烯烃和炔烃衍生物。更重要的是，Pd-NHC-MIL-101（Cr）催化剂是从反应介质中简单回收的，在重复使用五次后其催化活性没有明显降低。ICP分析表明，Pd和Cr金属的浸出非常低，表明该催化剂在Pd偶联反应中具有很高的稳定性和适用性。在正常条件下，使用这种非均相钯催化剂体系，可以以高至极好的收率合成各种烯烃和炔烃衍生物。更重要的是，Pd-NHC-MIL-101（Cr）催化剂是从反应介质中简单回收的，在重复使用五次后其催化活性没有明显降低。ICP分析表明，Pd和Cr金属的浸出非常低，表明该催化剂在Pd偶联反应中具有很高的稳定性和适用性。在正常条件下，使用这种非均相钯催化剂体系，可以以高至极好的收率合成各种烯烃和炔烃衍生物。更重要的是，Pd-NHC-MIL-101（Cr）催化剂是从反应介质中简单回收的，在重复使用五次后其催化活性没有明显降低。ICP分析表明，Pd和Cr金属的浸出非常低，表明该催化剂在Pd偶联反应中具有很高的稳定性和适用性。