Despite of the increasing number of investigations on the effects of acute exercise on circulating stem and progenitor cell (SC) numbers, and in particular on respective subgroups, i.e. endothelial (ESC), hematopoietic (HSC), and mesenchymal (MSC) stem and progenitor cells, a consensus regarding mechanisms and extent of these effects is still missing. The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the overall-effects of acute exercise on the different SC-subgroups and investigate possible subject- and intervention-dependent factors affecting the extent of SC-mobilization in healthy humans. Trials assessing SC numbers before and at least one timepoint after acute exercise, were identified in a systematic computerized search. Compared to baseline, numbers were significantly increased for early and non-specified SCs (enSCs) until up to 0.5 h after exercise (0–5 min: +0.64 [Standardized difference in means], p < 0.001; 6–20 min: +0.42, p < 0.001; 0.5 h: +0.29, p = 0.049), for ESCs until 12–48 h after exercise (0–5 min: +0.66, p < 0.001; 6–20 min: +0.43 p < 0.001; 0.5 h: +0.43, p = 0.002; 1 h: +0.58, p = 0.001; 2 h: +0.50, p = 0.002; 3–8 h: +0.70, p < 0.001; 12–48 h: +0.38, p = 0.003) and for HSCs at 0–5 min (+ 0.47, p < 0.001) and at 3 h after exercise (+ 0.68, p < 0.001). Sex, intensity and duration of the intervention had generally no influence. The extent and kinetics of the exercise-induced mobilization of SCs differ between SC-subpopulations. However, also definitions of SC-subpopulations are non-uniform. Therefore, finding a consensus with a clear definition of cell surface markers defining ESCs, HSCs and MSCs is a first prerequisite for understanding this important topic.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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健康人类受试者急性运动后循环干细胞和祖细胞数量的变化：系统评价和荟萃分析

尽管关于急性运动对循环干细胞和祖细胞 (SC) 数量，特别是对各个亚组，即内皮细胞 (ESC)、造血 (HSC) 和间充质 (MSC) 干细胞和祖细胞的影响的研究越来越多细胞，关于这些影响的机制和程度的共识仍然缺失。这项荟萃分析的目的是系统地评估急性运动对不同 SC 亚组的总体影响，并调查影响健康人 SC 动员程度的可能的受试者和干预依赖因素。在系统的计算机搜索中确定了在急性运动之前和之后至少一个时间点评估 SC 数量的试验。与基线相比，p  < 0.001；6-20 分钟：+0.42，p  < 0.001；0.5 小时：+0.29，p  = 0.049），对于 ESC，直到运动后 12-48 小时（0-5 分钟：+0.66，p  < 0.001；6-20 分钟：+0.43 p  < 0.001；0.5 小时：+0.43，p  = 0.002；1 小时：+0.58，p  = 0.001；2 小时： +0.50， p  = 0.002；3-8 小时：+0.70，p  < 0.001；12-48 小时：+0.38，p  = 0.003）和HSCs 在 0-5 分钟 (+ 0.47, p  < 0.001) 和运动后 3 小时 (+ 0.68, p < 0.001)。干预的性别、强度和持续时间通常没有影响。SCs 的运动诱导动员的程度和动力学在 SC 亚群之间有所不同。然而，SC 亚群的定义也不一致。因此，就定义 ESC、HSC 和 MSC 的细胞表面标志物达成明确定义的共识是理解这一重要主题的首要前提。

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