A series of single-grit cutting tests were performed with spherical cone tools on sugar maple (Acer saccharum) wood to investigate its surface creation and cutting behavior. The tools with apex angles 2\(\alpha\) = 84\(^\circ\) and 2\(\alpha\)= 108\(^\circ\) were selected to clarify the effect of negative rake angles. It was found that there was no discernable pile-up on both sides of the scratches. Grit with 2\(\alpha\) = 108\(^\circ\) made less fractured fibers protrude from the top surface. The affluent porosity of wood was emphasized, and an analytical model of elastic deformation for single-grit cutting has been established. There seems to be a transitional depth of grit penetration, after which the elastic recovery keeps a constant value. The average cutting force ratio of grit with 2\(\alpha\) = 84\(^\circ\) was visibly higher, referring to better cutting performance. The size effect of grit with 2\(\alpha\)= 84\(^\circ\) was more pronounced in the two cutting directions. Compared with research on metal materials, the evident energy absorption capacity of sugar maple accounts for the relatively high overall specific energy.

使用球形圆锥工具在糖枫（Acer saccharum）木材上进行了一系列的单粒度切割测试，以研究其表面形成和切割行为。选择具有顶角2 \（\ alpha \） = 84 \（^ \ circ \）和2 \（\ alpha \） = 108 \（^ \ circ \）的工具以阐明负前角的影响。发现在划痕的两面都没有明显的堆积。砂砾的2 \（\ alpha \） = 108 \（^ \ circ \）减少了断裂纤维从顶表面突出的可能性。强调了木材的富裕孔隙率，并建立了单砂砾切割的弹性变形分析模型。似乎有一个砂砾渗透的过渡深度，此后弹性回复率保持恒定值。具有2 \（\ alpha \） = 84 \（^ \ circ \）的砂砾的平均切削力比明显更高，表示切削性能更好。在两个切削方向上，具有2 \（\ alpha \） = 84 \（^ \ circ \）的砂粒的尺寸效应更加明显。与金属材料的研究相比，糖枫的表观能量吸收能力占较高的总比能。