The ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is generally used to create an optimal PI regulator added to the pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy for a five-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter implemented in electric vehicle (EV). As heavy transportation is our main focus, the proposed system was formed by two induction motors (IMs); each of which was fed by one NPC inverter. The two IMs were fixed to the front axle and the rear axle, respectively. The PDC-PWM (Phases Disposition Carrier-PWM) strategies for the three-phase five-level NPC inverter was employed in the rotor-flux-oriented control (FOC) of the induction motor (IM). Special interest was given to the analysis of the total harmonic distortion (THD%). Considering the dynamic loading conditions of an EV driven by an IM, the proposed ACO algorithm effectively calculated the required PI parameter to find the best PI regulator gains values. These optimizations were applied to the PDC-PWM strategy in order to obtain the minimum THD% in both current and voltage outputs. The effectiveness of the introduced system for a wide range of torque/speed variations was proven through simulation by developing a model of an IM traction inverter drive with the FOC strategy for closed-loop control. As the experimental test realization of the designed system was not possible because it is very expensive, the ACO optimization performance was confirmed by means of MATLAB/SimPower Systems simulations.

中文翻译：

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ACO算法在五电平NPC逆变器供电的电动汽车系统中的实现

蚁群优化 (ACO) 算法通常用于为电动汽车 (EV) 中实施的五电平中性点钳位 (NPC) 逆变器创建添加到脉宽调制 (PWM) 策略的最佳 PI 调节器。由于重型运输是我们的主要关注点，建议的系统由两个感应电机 (IM) 组成；每个都由一个 NPC 逆变器供电。两个 IM 分别固定在前轴和后轴上。三相五电平NPC逆变器的PDC-PWM（相位配置载波-PWM）策略被用于感应电机（IM）的转子磁通导向控制（FOC）。对总谐波失真 (THD%) 的分析特别感兴趣。考虑到由 IM 驱动的 EV 的动态负载条件，建议的 ACO 算法有效地计算了所需的 PI 参数，以找到最佳的 PI 调节器增益值。这些优化应用于 PDC-PWM 策略，以便在电流和电压输出中获得最小 THD%。通过开发具有闭环控制的 FOC 策略的 IM 牵引逆变器驱动模型，通过仿真证明了引入的系统对各种扭矩/速度变化的有效性。由于设计系统的实验测试实现是不可能的，因为它非常昂贵，ACO 优化性能通过 MATLAB/SimPower Systems 仿真得到证实。通过开发具有闭环控制的 FOC 策略的 IM 牵引逆变器驱动模型，通过仿真证明了引入的系统对各种扭矩/速度变化的有效性。由于设计系统的实验测试实现是不可能的，因为它非常昂贵，ACO 优化性能通过 MATLAB/SimPower Systems 仿真得到证实。通过开发具有闭环控制的 FOC 策略的 IM 牵引逆变器驱动模型，通过仿真证明了引入的系统对各种扭矩/速度变化的有效性。由于设计系统的实验测试实现是不可能的，因为它非常昂贵，ACO 优化性能通过 MATLAB/SimPower Systems 仿真得到证实。