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Enabling pinniped conservation by means of non-invasive genetic population analysis
Conservation Genetics Resources ( IF 1.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s12686-020-01182-4
Kristina Steinmetz , Sinéad Murphy , Oliver Ó Cadhla , James Barnett , Luca Mirimin

Conservation and management of protected species, particularly of elusive species such as pinnipeds, is hampered by knowledge gaps. In the case of studies using genetic data these are often attributed to a lack of representative samples. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the development of minimally invasive sampling protocols suitable for genetic analyses of pinnipeds. The present study evaluated the applicability of various protocols for the collection and processing of samples from harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), encompassing seven source sample types (blood, skin, hair (plucked/moulted), urine, buccal swabs, scat) and three different extraction methods. Protocols were designed for minimally invasive sampling, but also to evaluate differences in their performance based on cost and time of execution in comparison to traditional sampling approaches. The performance of each protocol was measured following successful DNA isolation, molecular sex determination and sequencing of a mitochondrial DNA fragment (control region). Protocols using plucked hair, urine and buccal swab samples proved effective for collection from individuals in captivity, whereas scat was most applicable for non-invasive sampling in the wild. Furthermore, following a pilot study on scat samples, DNA was found to be viable for genetic analysis after exposure to ambient conditions for up to four weeks. This study provides a useful assessment of the suitability of various minimal and non-invasively collected samples for DNA isolation, amplification and mitochondrial sequencing, enabling the effective design of future sampling strategies and a significant increase of samples available for genetic analysis of pinnipeds.



中文翻译:

通过非侵入性遗传种群分析实现钳制保护

知识鸿沟阻碍了受保护物种,特别是诸如棘手类物种之类的受保护物种的保护和管理。在使用遗传数据进行研究的情况下,这些通常归因于缺乏代表性样本。因此,迫切需要开发适合于针扎基因分析的微创采样方案。本研究评估了收集和处理斑海豹(Phoca vitulina)和灰海豹(Halichoerus grypus)样品的各种协议的适用性。),包括七种来源样品类型(血液,皮肤,头发(拔毛/换毛),尿液,颊拭子,粪便)和三种不同的提取方法。协议旨在用于微创采样,但也可以根据与传统采样方法相比的执行成本和执行时间来评估其性能差异。在成功分离DNA,确定分子性别并对线粒体DNA片段(控制区)进行测序后,测量每种方案的性能。使用拔毛的头发,尿液和颊拭子样本的协议被证明可以有效地圈养个体,而粪便最适用于野外的非侵入性采样。此外,在对粪便样本进行初步研究之后,发现DNA在暴露于环境长达四周后可用于遗传分析。这项研究提供了有用的评估方法,可用于评估各种最低限度和非侵入式收集的样本对DNA分离,扩增和线粒体测序的适用性,从而能够有效设计未来的采样策略,并显着增加可用于钳夹基因分析的样本。

更新日期:2021-01-03
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