The synthesis of graphene and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) employing various approaches with a range of precursors, chemicals, and parameters has been reported. Most of the top-down and bottom-up techniques employ strong and hazardous chemical environments, complicated and tedious procedures, are time-consuming, and often require special equipment. Another drawback of the techniques reported is the production of agglomerated, inhomogeneous, and non-dispersible graphene in aqueous solvents or organic solvents, thus limiting its application. This work specifically and comprehensively describes the electrochemical exfoliation of graphene and GQDs, which is often considered as a simple one-step, facile, non-hazardous, and highly efficient technique yet favourable for mass production. A brief discussion on the advantageous and challenges of the electrochemical technique and applications of the electrochemically exfoliated graphene and GQDs is also presented.

已经报道了采用具有多种前体，化学物质和参数的各种方法来合成石墨烯和石墨烯量子点（GQD）。大多数自上而下和自下而上的技术都采用强而危险的化学环境，复杂而乏味的程序，耗时且通常需要特殊的设备。所报道的技术的另一个缺点是在水性溶剂或有机溶剂中产生团聚的，不均匀的和不可分散的石墨烯，从而限制了其应用。这项工作专门全面地描述了石墨烯和GQD的电化学剥落，通常认为这是一种简单的一步，简便，无害且高效的技术，但有利于批量生产。