This review summarizes and highlights the current state-of-the-art of research on chemical sensors and biosensors in liquid environment and neuromorphic devices based on electrolyte-gated organic transistors with the active semiconductor layer of organic π-conjugated materials (small molecules, oligomers and polymers). The architecture and principles of operation of electrolyte-gated organic transistors and the main advantages and drawbacks of these devices are considered in detail. The criteria for the selection of organic semiconductors for these devices are presented. The causes of degradation of semiconductor layers and ways of their elimination are discussed. Examples of the use of electrolyte-gated organic transistors as bio and chemical sensors, artificial synapses and computing devices are given.

The bibliography includes 132 references.

本综述总结并强调了液体环境中的化学传感器和生物传感器以及基于具有有机π共轭材料（小分子、低聚物）活性半导体层的电解质门控有机晶体管的神经形态器件的最新研究进展。和聚合物）。详细考虑了电解质门控有机晶体管的结构和工作原理以及这些器件的主要优点和缺点。介绍了为这些器件选择有机半导体的标准。讨论了半导体层退化的原因及其消除方法。给出了使用电解质门控有机晶体管作为生物和化学传感器、人工突触和计算设备的例子。

参考书目包括 132 篇参考文献。