Relativistic energy density functional approaches are known to well describe nuclear states which involve alpha clusters. Here, alpha emitting nuclei are analyzed through the behavior of the spatial localisation of nucleonic states, calculated with an axially deformed relativistic Hartree–Bogoliubov approach over the nuclear chart. The systematic occurrence of more localised valence states, having an n = 1 radial quantum number, allows to pinpoint nuclei in agreement with experimentally known alpha-emitters. The cases of ²¹²Po and ¹⁰⁴Te are investigated, showing the concomitant contributions of the pseudospin symmetry and the presence of n = 1 states, on the alpha preformation probability. The impact of the localisation of valence states, on alpha preformation probability, is then analyzed. It allows to study shell effects on this probability, over isotopic and isotonic chains. Finally, a phenomenological law is also provided, relating this probability to the radial quantum number of the valence states.

相对论能量密度函数方法可以很好地描述涉及α团簇的核态。在这里，通过核子态的空间定位行为分析了α发射核，该核子态是通过对核图进行轴向变形的相对论性Hartree-Bogoliubov方法计算的。具有n = 1个径向量子数的较局部化合价态的系统性出现，可以使原子核与实验已知的α-发射极一致。研究了²¹² Po和¹⁰⁴ Te的情况，显示了伪自旋对称性和n的存在的共同贡献。= 1状态，关于alpha预形成概率。然后分析价态局部化对α预形成概率的影响。它允许研究同位素和等张链上壳对这种可能性的影响。最后，还提供了一种现象学定律，将这种概率与价态的径向量子数相关联。