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Resistance in wild macadamia germplasm to Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora multivora
Annals of Applied Biology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-02 , DOI: 10.1111/aab.12668
Olumide S. Jeff‐Ego 1 , Bruce Topp 2 , Andre Drenth 1 , Julianne Henderson 3 , Olufemi A. Akinsanmi 1
Affiliation  

The four Macadamia species (M. integrifolia, M. tetraphylla, M. ternifolia and M. jansenii) occur naturally in the wild in fragmented habitats in Australia and there is limited information on their vulnerability to pathogens including species of the genus Phytophthora. Macadamias in commercial orchards are affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora multivora causing stem canker and root rot. Wild germplasm is often regarded as sources of resistance in macadamia breeding programme. We assessed the performance of 152 trees of wild macadamia genotypes in the field using a Phytophthora disease severity rating scale and used in vivo leaf assay to examine their susceptibility to P. cinnamomi and P. multivora. Macadamia ternifolia trees showed the highest Phytophthora disease severity compared with the other species. In the in vivo trial, there were significant variations in disease severity among the genotypes within each Macadamia species. Comparison of the mean leaf lesion area of the Macadamia spp. showed that M. tetraphylla and M. jansenii were the most resistant to P. cinnamomi, whereas M. ternifolia and M. jansenii followed by M. tetraphylla had the least disease severity to P. multivora. The quantitative variations among the genotypes with strong differential effects resulted in demarcation of the wild genotypes into three resistance groups. Overall, a total of 14 M. tetraphylla and 2 M. integrifolia genotypes were identified as resistant to both P. cinnamomi and P. multivora in the in vivo assay.

中文翻译:

野生澳洲坚果种对肉桂疫霉和多重疫霉的抗性

澳洲坚果的四个物种(M. integrifoliaM.tetraphyllaM。ternifoliaM. jansenii)在野生环境中自然存在于澳大利亚的零散生境中,关于其对病原体(包括疫霉属)的脆弱性的信息有限。商业果园中的澳洲坚果受肉桂多重疫霉的影响引起茎萎缩和根腐。野生种质通常被认为是澳洲坚果育种计划中的抗药性来源。我们用疫病严重度等级量表评估了野生澳洲坚果基因型152棵树的表现,并用体内叶片试验检验了它们对肉桂和多的敏感性。澳洲坚果树显示疫霉病严重程度高于其他物种。在体内试验中,每种澳洲坚果物种的基因型之间在疾病严重程度上存在显着差异。澳洲坚果的平均叶片病变面积的比较。表明四叶分枝杆菌詹森氏菌对肉桂疟原虫的抵抗力最强,而苜蓿分支杆菌詹森氏菌紧随其后的是四叶分枝杆菌多重疟原虫的疾病严重程度最低。基因型之间的定量变化具有很强的差异作用,导致将野生基因型划分为三个抗性组。总体而言,在体内试验中,总共鉴定出了14种木霉和2 M种整叶青霉菌的基因型对肉桂假单胞菌和多齿假单胞菌都有抗性。
更新日期:2021-01-02
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