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Genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers reveal population structure and dispersal direction of an expanding nuisance algal bloom species
Molecular Ecology ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1111/mec.15787
Karin Rengefors 1 , Raphael Gollnisch 1 , Ingrid Sassenhagen 1, 2 , Karolina Härnström Aloisi 1, 3 , Marie Svensson 1 , Karen Lebret 1 , Dora Čertnerová 4 , William A Cresko 5 , Susan Bassham 5 , Dag Ahrén 6
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Species invasion and range expansion are currently under scrutiny due to increasing anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. This is also true for harmful algal blooms, which have been reported to have increased in frequency. However, this research is challenging due to the ephemeral nature, small size and mostly low concentrations of microalgae in the environment. One such species is the nuisance microalga Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae), which has increased in occurrence in northern Europe in recent decades. The question of whether the species has expanded its habitat range or if it was already present in the lakes but was too rare to be detected remains unanswered. The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic structure and dispersal pathways of G. semen using RAD (restriction‐site‐associated DNA) tag sequencing. For G. semen, which has a huge genome (32 Gbp), we faced particular challenges, but were nevertheless able to recover over 1000 single nucleotide polymorphisms at high coverage. Our data revealed a distinct population genetic structure, demonstrating a divide of western and eastern populations that probably represent different lineages. Despite significant genetic differentiation among lakes, we found only limited isolation‐by‐distance. While we had expected a pattern of recent expansion northwards, the data demonstrated gene flow from the northeast/east towards the southwest/west. This genetic signature suggests that the observed gene flow may be due to dispersal by autumn migratory birds, which act as dispersal vectors of resistant resting propagules that form at the end of the G. semen blooms.

中文翻译:

全基因组的单核苷酸多态性标记揭示了正在滋生的藻类繁花物种的种群结构和扩散方向

由于人为因素对自然环境的影响日益增加,目前正在对物种入侵和范围扩大进行审查。对于有害藻华也是如此,据报道,藻华大量繁殖。但是,由于短暂的性质,较小的尺寸以及环境中微藻的浓度较低,这项研究具有挑战性。这样的物种之一就是令人讨厌的微藻Gonyostomum精液(Raphidophyceae),近几十年来在北欧的发病率有所增加。该物种是否扩大了栖息地范围,或者是否已经存在于湖泊中,但太稀少而无法被发现,这一问题仍未得到解答。本研究的目的是确定G.精液的遗传结构和扩散途径使用RAD(限制性位点相关DNA)标签测序。对于G.精液,它具有庞大的基因组(32 Gbp),我们面临着特殊的挑战,但是仍然能够以高覆盖率恢复超过1000个单核苷酸多态性。我们的数据揭示了独特的种群遗传结构,表明了可能代表不同血统的西方和东方种群的划分。尽管湖泊之间存在显着的遗传分化,但我们仅发现有限的按距离隔离。尽管我们曾预计最近会向北扩张,但数据表明基因从东北/东部向西南/西部流动。这种遗传学特征表明,观察到的基因流可能是由于秋游候鸟的扩散所致,它们是在精液开花结束时形成的抗性静息繁殖体的传播载体。
更新日期:2021-02-15
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