Over the past several decades, thousands of planets have been discovered outside our Solar System. These planets exhibit enormous diversity, and their large numbers provide a statistical opportunity to place our Solar System within the broader context of planetary structure, atmospheres, architectures, formation, and evolution. Meanwhile, the field of exoplanetary science is rapidly forging onward toward a goal of atmospheric characterization, inferring surface conditions and interiors, and assessing the potential for habitability. However, the interpretation of exoplanet data requires the development and validation of exoplanet models that depend on in situ data that, in the foreseeable future, are only obtainable from our Solar System. Thus, planetary and exoplanetary science would both greatly benefit from a symbiotic relationship with a two‐way flow of information. Here, we describe the critical lessons and outstanding questions from planetary science, the study of which are essential for addressing fundamental aspects for a variety of exoplanetary topics. We outline these lessons and questions for the major categories of Solar System bodies, including the terrestrial planets, the giant planets, moons, and minor bodies. We provide a discussion of how many of these planetary science issues may be translated into exoplanet observables that will yield critical insight into current and future exoplanet discoveries.

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太阳系与系外科学之间的基本联系

在过去的几十年中，我们的太阳系之外已经发现了数千个行星。这些行星具有巨大的多样性，并且数量众多，这为将我们的太阳系置于行星结构，大气层，建筑，形成和演化的更广泛范围内提供了统计机会。同时，系外科学领域正在迅速朝着大气表征，推断表面状况和内部以及评估可居住性的目标迈进。但是，系外行星数据的解释要求开发和验证系外行星模型，这些模型依赖于在可预见的将来只能从我们的太阳系获得的原地数据。因此，行星科学和系外科学都将受益于具有双向信息流的共生关系。在这里，我们描述了行星科学的关键课程和悬而未决的问题，对它们的研究对于解决各种系外行星主题的基本方面至关重要。我们概述了有关太阳系物体主要类别的这些课程和问题，包括地球行星，巨型行星，卫星和次要物体。我们讨论了这些行星科学问题中有多少可以转化为系外行星可观测值，这将对当前和未来的系外行星发现产生重要的见解。研究对于解决各种系外行星主题的基本方面至关重要。我们概述了有关太阳系物体主要类别的这些课程和问题，包括地球行星，巨型行星，卫星和次要物体。我们讨论了这些行星科学问题中有多少可以转化为系外行星可观测值，这将对当前和未来的系外行星发现产生重要的见解。研究对于解决各种系外行星主题的基本方面至关重要。我们概述了有关太阳系物体主要类别的这些课程和问题，包括地球行星，巨型行星，卫星和次要物体。我们讨论了这些行星科学问题中有多少可以转化为系外行星观测资料，从而可以对当前和未来的系外行星发现产生关键性的见解。