The spatiotemporal variability of precipitation is of vital importance to Mediterranean ecology and economy, but pre‐instrumental changes are not well understood. Here, we present a millennial‐length June–July precipitation reconstruction derived from a network of 22 Pinus heldreichii high‐elevation sites in the Pindus Mountains of northwestern Greece. Tree‐ring width chronologies from these sites cohere exceptionally well over the past several hundred years (r_1467–2015 = 0.64) revealing coherence at inter‐annual to centennial timescales across the network. The network mean calibrates significantly against instrumental June–July precipitation over the past 40 years (r_1976–2015 = 0.71), even though no high‐elevation observational record is available representing the moist conditions at the treeline above 1,900 m a.s.l. For the final reconstruction, the instrumental target data are adjusted to provide realistic estimates of high‐elevation summer rainfall back to 729 CE. The reconstruction contains substantially more low‐frequency variability than other high‐resolution hydroclimate records from the eastern Mediterranean including extended dry periods from 1,350 to 1,379 CE (39 ± 4.5 mm) and 913 to 942 (40 ± 8.4 mm), and moist periods from 862 to 891 (86 ± 11 mm) and 1,522 to 1,551 (80 ± 3.5 mm), relative to the long‐term mean of 61 mm. The most recent 30‐year period from 1986 to 2015 is characterized by above average June–July precipitation (73 ± 2 mm). Low‐frequency changes in summer precipitation are likely related to variations in the position and persistence of storm tracks steering local depressions and causing extensive rainfall (or lack thereof) in high‐elevation environments of the Pindus Mountains.

中文翻译：

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高海拔松树网络对希腊西北部仪器前夏季降水的变化

降水的时空变化对地中海的生态和经济至关重要，但是仪器前的变化还不为人所知。在这里，我们展示了由西北希腊Pindus山脉的22个Pinus holdreichii高海拔站点组成的网络所形成的千禧年6月至7月降水重建。在过去的几百年中，这些站点的树年轮宽度时序异常一致（r _1467–2015 = 0.64），揭示了整个网络在年际至百年时间尺度上的一致性。网络平均校准显著打击器乐六月至七月降水在过去40年（[R _{1976至2015年}= 0.71），即使没有可用的高海拔观测记录来代表海拔1900 m以上的林线的潮湿状况。对于最终重建，仪器目标数据也进行了调整，以提供可追溯至729 CE的夏季高海拔降雨的现实估计。 。与其他地中海东部高分辨率高分辨率气候记录相比，重建所包含的低频变化要大得多，包括从1,350至1,379 CE（39±4.5 mm）和913至942（40±8.4 mm）的延长干旱期以及从相对于61毫米的长期平均值，为862至891（86±11毫米）和1,522至1,551（80±3.5毫米）。1986年至2015年的最近30年期间，六月至七月的降水量高于平均水平（73±2 mm）。