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Early hearing loss induces plasticity within extra‐striate visual cortex
European Journal of Neroscience ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-02 , DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15104
M Alex Meredith 1 , John M Kay 1 , Stephen G Lomber 2 , H Ruth Clemo 1
Affiliation  

Supranormal perceptual performance has been observed within the intact senses of early‐deaf or blind humans and animals. For cortical areas deprived of their normal sensory input, numerous studies have shown that the lesioned modality is replaced by that of the intact sensory modalities through a process termed crossmodal plasticity. In contrast, little is known about the effects of loss of a particular sensory modality on the cortical representations of the remaining, intact sensory modalities. In the present study, an area of extrastriate visual cortex from early‐deaf adult cats was examined for features of dendritic plasticity known to occur after early‐deafness. Using light‐microscopy of Golgi‐stained pyramidal neurons from the posterolateral lateral suprasylvian (PLLS) cortex, dendritic spine density significantly increased (~19%), while spine head size was slightly but significantly decreased (~9%) following early hearing loss. Curiously, these changes were not localized to regions of the visual PLLS known to receive auditory inputs, but instead showed a broad pattern more reflective of the distribution of the area's visual features. Whereas hearing loss results in crossmodal plasticity in auditory cortices, the same peripheral lesion can also induce intramodal plasticity within representations of the intact sensory systems that may also contribute to supranormal performance.

中文翻译:

早期听力损失会在纹状体视皮层内诱发可塑性

在早期失聪或盲人动植物的完整感觉中,观察到了超常的感觉表现。对于缺乏正常感觉输入的皮质区域,大量研究表明,病变过程已通过称为跨峰可塑性的过程被完整的感觉模态所取代。相反,对于特定的感觉方式的丧失对其余完整的感觉方式的皮层表现的影响知之甚少。在本研究中,检查了成年早聋成年猫的过度纹状体视觉皮层区域,以了解已知在早聋后发生的树突状可塑性特征。使用光学显微镜观察后外侧外侧上皮质(PLLS)皮质的高尔基染色锥体神经元,树突棘密度显着增加(〜19%),早期听力下降后,脊柱头部的大小略有下降,但显着降低(〜9%)。奇怪的是,这些变化并没有局限在已知接收听觉输入的视觉PLLS区域,而是显示出更能反映该区域视觉特征分布的宽广模式。听力损失会导致听觉皮层的交叉模态可塑性,而相同的周围病变也会在完整的感觉系统的表征范围内诱导模态内可塑性,这也可能有助于超正常的表现。的视觉特征。听力损失会导致听觉皮层的交叉模态可塑性,而相同的周围病变也会在完整的感觉系统的表征范围内诱导模态内可塑性,这也可能有助于超正常的表现。的视觉特征。听力损失会导致听觉皮层的交叉模态可塑性,而相同的周围病变也会在完整的感觉系统的表征范围内诱导模态内可塑性,这也可能有助于超正常的表现。
更新日期:2021-01-02
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