The applicability of the Safe-by-Design (SbD) concept was investigated during development of oxygen carriers (OCs) for Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) installations; the newly developed OCs are complex, fluidizable metal-oxides. SbD assesses Health Safety and Environmental (HSE) risks at an early stage of product development. Hereto, the impact of the key parameters on safety of future industrial units were estimated with exposure simulations (solid pouring tests and modelling by similarity with commercial refining technology). The likelihood of health effects for workers exposed via inhalation was examined with in vitro tests, showing that particles of Mn-based OC have the potency to initiate an allergic reaction (concentration-dependent increase of cytokines). The manufacturing process showed impact on the ecotoxicological properties of Cu-based OC (EC50 algae <6.5 to 68% of the soluble fraction). The following characteristics were identified as key parameters for the assessment: powder particle size (mean diameter 4.24 to 175.4 µm) and airborne size distribution (PM10 fraction 8 to 62% in PM100), dustiness (201 to 1370 PM100 µg/m³), chemical composition (Mn, Fe, Cu) and manufacturing process. This multidisciplinary study demonstrates the relevance of the SbD approach to assess and manage HSE risks at an early stage of OC development for future energy production.

在开发用于化学环流燃烧（CLC）装置的氧气载体（OC）的过程中，研究了按设计设计（SbD）概念的适用性；新开发的OC是复杂的可流化金属氧化物。SbD在产品开发的早期阶段评估健康安全与环境（HSE）风险。到目前为止，关键参数对未来工业装置安全性的影响通过暴露模拟（固态浇注测试和与商业精炼技术相似的建模）进行了估算。通过体外检查对通过吸入接触的工人的健康产生影响的可能性测试表明，锰基OC颗粒具有引发过敏反应（浓度依赖的细胞因子增加）的能力。生产过程显示出对铜基OC的生态毒理学特性的影响（EC50藻类<6.5至68％的可溶部分）。下列特征被确定为评估的关键参数：粉末颗粒尺寸（平均直径4.24至175.4 µm）和空气传播的尺寸分布（PM10中PM10的含量为8至62％），粉尘（201至1370 PM100 µg /m³），化学药品组成（Mn，Fe，Cu）和制造工艺。这项多学科研究证明了SbD方法在OC开发的早期阶段评估和管理HSE风险与未来能源生产的相关性。