This work aimed to develop eco-friendly ceramic tiles employing by-products of porcelain stoneware manufacturing as raw material, based on three technical-economic premises: designing new products that respect the standards; avoid using by-products as raw materials in successful commercial products; and carry out a complete mapping of operational conditions to enable employing mathematical modeling as product development methodology. Using a simplex-centroid design for ternary mixtures, three kinds of porcelain stonewares by-products were evaluated: sludge from the treatment of effluents, raw waste, and chamotte. The by-products were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, water absorption tests, mechanical properties as well as X-ray diffraction and fluorescence under different compression and firing conditions. Mathematical models were generated capable of describing the experimental parameters behavior. These models showed that many kinds of products could achieve the water absorption ranges provided by normative requirement varying the operational conditions and the mass composition. Based on that, three kinds of ceramic tiles were reproduced in laboratory, each one according to mass formulation and operational conditions indicated by mathematical models: a wall tile, a floor tile, and a porcelain stoneware tile. Technical characteristics were controlled during laboratorial reproduction and, after that, their results were compared to normative requirements. All developed products met the normative requirement. The results confirmed that it is possible to develop ceramic tiles only employing by-products of porcelain stoneware as raw material through mathematical modeling, respecting the proposed technical-economic premises established for the present work.

这项工作旨在基于三个技术经济前提，开发以瓷stone器制造的副产品为原料的环保型瓷砖：设计符合标准的新产品；避免在成功的商业产品中使用副产品作为原材料；并对操作条件进行完整的映射，以将数学模型用作产品开发方法。使用三元混合物的单纯形-质心设计，评估了三种瓷器粗陶副产品：废水处理产生的污泥，原废料和软陶土。通过热重分析，吸水率测试，机械性能以及在不同压缩和燃烧条件下的X射线衍射和荧光研究了副产物。生成了能够描述实验参数行为的数学模型。这些模型表明，通过改变操作条件和质量组成，多种产品可以达到规范要求提供的吸水范围。在此基础上，在实验室中复制了三种瓷砖，每种都是根据质量配方和数学模型指示的操作条件制作的：墙砖，地砖和粗陶砖。在实验室复制期间对技术特征进行控制，然后将其结果与规范要求进行比较。所有开发的产品均符合规范要求。