Abstract

Long-term experimental data collected by the authors were analyzed to characterize the formation of spring surface flow in different natural zones of the Volga and Don basins with the use of water-balance method (hydrologic experimental plots) for its treatment, and literary data on such studies were generalized. The obtained unique material was used to characterize the surface runoff separately from loose and compacted plowed lands and to evaluate the runoff-regulating role of the fall tillage of soil. The analysis of theoretical curves of runoff exceedance probability showed that its mean values and the different exceedance probability decrease from N toward S and SE, and the difference between the loose and compacted plowed lands increases. However, in some years, runoff inversion can be seen, i.e., its volume in the forest-steppe zone is less than in the steppe zone, where it can be high. This suggests that the effect on runoff formation produced by anthropogenic factors is less than that of natural factors, forming under different climate conditions, varying over zones and years.

中文翻译：

---

唐和伏尔加河流域森林草原和草原部分不同类型耕地的融雪水地表流形成规律

摘要

作者收集的长期实验数据进行了分析，以利用水平衡法（水文实验区）对其进行处理，从而表征了伏尔加河和顿河盆地不同自然区的春季地表水的形成，以及关于这些研究是广义的。所获得的独特材料用于表征与疏松耕地和耕地分开的地表径流，并评估土壤耕作对径流的调节作用。对径流超标概率理论曲线的分析表明，径流超标概率的平均值和不同的超标概率从N向S和SE减小，而松散耕地和压实耕地之间的差异增大。但是，在某些年份，可以看到径流反演，即 在森林-草原区的体积小于在草原区的体积，在草原区可能较高。这表明人为因素对径流形成的影响要小于自然因素，在不同气候条件下形成的径流随区域和年份而变化。