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Effect of Nitrogen Rates on Wheat Photosynthesis, Anatomical Parameters and Photoassimilate Partitioning in North China Plain
International Journal of Plant Production ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s42106-020-00123-3
Xuejiao Zheng , Zhenwen Yu , Yongli Zhang , Yu Shi

Evaluating the effects of nitrogen (N) on photosynthesis characteristics and photoassimilate partitioning via vascular bundles (VB) under water-saving irrigation is crucial to maximum grain yield of environment-friendly wheat production in the North China Plain (NCP). Field experiments were conducted with four N application rates 0 (N 0 ), 180 (N 180 ), 240 (N 240 ), and 300 (N 300 ) kg N ha −1 under 70% and 65% relative soil water content (RSWC) at jointing and anthesis, respectively. Results showed that, compared with N 0 , N 180 significantly improved the photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence of flag leaf after anthesis. N application improved the anatomical parameters both in the flag leaf and the stem. Total transverse area of VB in the flag leaf and in the stem internode below the ear under N 180 was 17.95–23.70% and 37.91–43.90% larger than those of N 0 , respectively, due to the increased numbers and transverse area of VB. Furthermore, N 180 had higher dry matter assimilation after anthesis (DMA) and its contribution to the grain. N 180 increased grain yield by 14.23–23.24% compared with N 0 , and N supply exceeding 180 kg N ha −1 did not further increase yield. Moreover positively correlations were showed among photosynthesis characteristics after anthesis, total transverse area of VB in the flag leaf and in the stem internode below the ear, DMA and grain yield. In summary, the recommended N application rate was 180 kg N ha −1 under RSWC-based supplemental irrigation that can produce grain yield over 7500 kg ha −1 for at least 2 years in the NCP.

中文翻译:

施氮量对华北平原小麦光合作用、解剖学参数和光同化物分配的影响

评估节水灌溉下氮(N)对光合作用特性和光同化物分配的影响,对于华北平原(NCP)环境友好型小麦生产的最大粮食产量至关重要。在 70% 和 65% 相对土壤含水量 (RSWC) 下,以四种施氮量进行田间试验:0 (N 0 )、180 (N 180 )、240 (N 240 ) 和 300 (N 300 ) kg N ha -1 ) 分别在拔节和花期。结果表明,与N 0 相比,N 180 显着提高了花后旗叶的光合参数和叶绿素荧光。施氮改善了旗叶和茎的解剖参数。在N 180下,旗叶和穗下茎节间VB的总横向面积为17.95-23.70%和37。由于 VB 的数量和横向面积增加,分别比 N 0 大 91–43.90%。此外,N 180 具有更高的花后干物质同化(DMA)及其对谷物的贡献。与N 0 相比,N 180 使谷物产量提高了14.23–23.24%,并且N 供应超过180 kg N ha -1 并没有进一步提高产量。此外,花后光合特性、旗叶和穗下茎节间VB的总横向面积、DMA和籽粒产量之间呈正相关。总之,在基于 RSWC 的补充灌溉下,推荐的施氮量为 180 kg N ha -1,在 NCP 中至少 2 年可以产生超过 7500 kg ha -1 的粮食产量。N 180 具有较高的花后干物质同化(DMA)及其对籽粒的贡献。与N 0 相比,N 180 使谷物产量提高了14.23–23.24%,并且N 供应超过180 kg N ha -1 并没有进一步提高产量。此外,花后光合特性、旗叶和穗下茎节间VB的总横向面积、DMA和籽粒产量之间呈正相关。总之,在基于 RSWC 的补充灌溉下,推荐的施氮量为 180 kg N ha -1,在 NCP 中至少 2 年可以产生超过 7500 kg ha -1 的粮食产量。N 180 具有较高的花后干物质同化(DMA)及其对籽粒的贡献。与N 0 相比,N 180 使谷物产量提高了14.23–23.24%,并且N 供应超过180 kg N ha -1 并没有进一步提高产量。此外,花后光合特性、旗叶和穗下茎节间VB的总横向面积、DMA和籽粒产量之间呈正相关。总之,在基于 RSWC 的补充灌溉下,推荐的施氮量为 180 kg N ha -1,在 NCP 中至少 2 年可以产生超过 7500 kg ha -1 的粮食产量。此外,花后光合特性、旗叶和穗下茎节间VB的总横向面积、DMA和籽粒产量之间呈正相关。总之,在基于 RSWC 的补充灌溉下,推荐的施氮量为 180 kg N ha -1,在 NCP 中至少 2 年可以产生超过 7500 kg ha -1 的粮食产量。此外,花后光合特性、旗叶和穗下茎节间VB的总横向面积、DMA和籽粒产量之间呈正相关。总之,在基于 RSWC 的补充灌溉下,推荐的施氮量为 180 kg N ha -1,在 NCP 中至少 2 年可以产生超过 7500 kg ha -1 的粮食产量。
更新日期:2021-01-02
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