Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked primarily by motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability and resting tremor associated with dopaminergic neuronal loss in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and deficit of dopamine in the basal ganglia. These motor symptoms can be preceded by pre-motor symptoms whose recognition can be useful to apply different strategies to evaluate risk, early diagnosis and prevention of PD progression. Although clinical characteristics of PD are well defined, its pathogenesis is still not completely known, what makes discoveries of therapies capable of curing patients difficult to be reached. Several theories about the cause of idiopathic PD have been investigated and among them, the key role of inflammation, microglia and the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of PD has been considered. In this review, we describe the role and relation of both the inflammasome and microglial activation with the pathogenesis, symptoms, progression and the possibilities for new therapeutic strategies in PD.

帕金森病 (PD) 是一种神经退行性疾病，主要以运动症状为特征，例如与黑质致密部 (SNpc) 中多巴胺能神经元丢失和基底神经节中多巴胺缺乏相关的运动症状，例如僵硬、运动迟缓、姿势不稳和静息性震颤。这些运动症状之前可能是运动前症状，其识别有助于应用不同的策略来评估风险、早期诊断和预防 PD 进展。尽管 PD 的临床特征已明确定义，但其发病机制仍不完全清楚，因此难以找到能够治愈患者的疗法。已经研究了几种关于特发性 PD 病因的理论，其中炎症的关键作用，小胶质细胞和炎症小体在 PD 发病机制中的作用已被考虑。在这篇综述中，我们描述了炎症小体和小胶质细胞激活与 PD 发病机制、症状、进展的作用和关系以及新治疗策略的可能性。