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A Mathematical Modeling Study: Assessing Impact of Mismatch Between Influenza Vaccine Strains and Circulating Strains in Hajj
Bulletin of Mathematical Biology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00836-6
Mohammed H Alharbi 1, 2 , Christopher M Kribs 1
Affiliation  

The influenza virus causes severe respiratory illnesses and deaths worldwide every year. It spreads quickly in an overcrowded area like the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia. Vaccination is the primary strategy for protection against influenza. Due to the occurrence of antigenic shift and drift of the influenza virus, a mismatch between vaccine strains and circulating strains of influenza may occur. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of mismatch between vaccine strains and circulating strains during Hajj, which brings together individuals from all over the globe. To this end, we develop deterministic mathematical models of influenza with different populations and strains from the northern and southern hemispheres. Our results show that the existence and duration of an influenza outbreak during Hajj depend on vaccine efficacy. In this concern, we discuss four scenarios: vaccine strains for both groups match/mismatch circulating strains, and vaccine strains match their target strains and mismatch the other strains. Further, there is a scenario where a novel pandemic strain arises. Our results show that as long as the influenza vaccines match their target strains, there will be no outbreak of strain H1N1 and only a small outbreak of strain H3N2. Mismatching for non-target strains causes about 10,000 new H3N2 cases, and mismatching for both strains causes about 2,000 more new H1N1 cases and 6,000 additional H3N2 cases during Hajj. Complete mismatch in a pandemic scenario may infect over 342,000 additional pilgrims (13.75%) and cause more cases in their home countries.

中文翻译:

数学模型研究:评估流感疫苗毒株与流行毒株在朝觐中不匹配的影响

流感病毒每年在全世界引起严重的呼吸道疾病和死亡。它在像沙特阿拉伯一年一度的朝圣朝圣这样拥挤的地区迅速传播。疫苗接种是预防流感的主要策略。由于流感病毒发生抗原转移和漂移,可能会出现疫苗毒株与流感流行毒株不匹配的情况。本研究的目的是评估朝觐期间疫苗株与流行株之间不匹配的影响,朝觐期间汇集了来自全球各地的个人。为此,我们开发了来自北半球和南半球的不同人群和毒株的确定性流感数学模型。我们的结果表明,朝觐期间流感爆发的存在和持续时间取决于疫苗的功效。在这个问题上,我们讨论了四种情况:两组的疫苗毒株匹配/不匹配循环毒株,以及疫苗毒株与其目标毒株匹配但与其他毒株不匹配。此外,还有一种情况会出现新的大流行毒株。我们的结果表明,只要流感疫苗与其目标毒株相匹配,H1N1 毒株就不会爆发,而 H3N2 毒株只会小规模爆发。非目标毒株的错配导致约 10,000 例新的 H3N2 病例,两种毒株的错配导致约 2,000 例新的 H1N1 病例和 6,000 例额外的 H3N2 病例在朝觐期间。大流行情况下的完全不匹配可能会感染超过 342,000 名额外的朝圣者 (13.75%),并在他们的本国造成更多病例。两组的疫苗毒株与循环毒株匹配/不匹配,疫苗毒株与其目标毒株匹配但与其他毒株不匹配。此外,还有一种情况会出现新的大流行毒株。我们的结果表明,只要流感疫苗与其目标毒株相匹配,H1N1 毒株就不会爆发,而 H3N2 毒株只会小规模爆发。非目标毒株的错配导致约 10,000 例新的 H3N2 病例,两种毒株的错配导致约 2,000 例新的 H1N1 病例和 6,000 例额外的 H3N2 病例在朝觐期间。大流行情况下的完全不匹配可能会感染超过 342,000 名额外的朝圣者 (13.75%),并在他们的本国造成更多病例。两组的疫苗毒株与循环毒株匹配/不匹配,疫苗毒株与其目标毒株匹配但与其他毒株不匹配。此外,还有一种情况会出现新的大流行毒株。我们的结果表明,只要流感疫苗与其目标毒株相匹配,H1N1 毒株就不会爆发,而 H3N2 毒株只会小规模爆发。非目标毒株的错配导致约 10,000 例新的 H3N2 病例,两种毒株的错配导致约 2,000 例新的 H1N1 病例和 6,000 例额外的 H3N2 病例在朝觐期间。大流行情况下的完全不匹配可能会感染超过 342,000 名额外的朝圣者 (13.75%),并在他们的本国造成更多病例。我们的结果表明,只要流感疫苗与其目标毒株相匹配,H1N1 毒株就不会爆发,而 H3N2 毒株只会小规模爆发。非目标毒株的错配导致约 10,000 例新的 H3N2 病例,两种毒株的错配导致约 2,000 例新的 H1N1 病例和 6,000 例额外的 H3N2 病例在朝觐期间。大流行情况下的完全不匹配可能会感染超过 342,000 名额外的朝圣者 (13.75%),并在他们的本国造成更多病例。我们的结果表明,只要流感疫苗与其目标毒株相匹配,H1N1 毒株就不会爆发,而 H3N2 毒株只会小规模爆发。非目标毒株的错配导致约 10,000 例新的 H3N2 病例,两种毒株的错配导致约 2,000 例新的 H1N1 病例和 6,000 例额外的 H3N2 病例在朝觐期间。大流行情况下的完全不匹配可能会感染超过 342,000 名额外的朝圣者 (13.75%),并在他们的本国造成更多病例。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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