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Calcium chloride pollution mitigates the negative effects of an invasive clam
Biological Invasions ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02443-x
Kayla D. Coldsnow , William D. Hintz , Matthew S. Schuler , Aaron B. Stoler , Rick A. Relyea

Invasive bivalves can drastically alter freshwater ecosystems and affect ecosystem services, but they can be influenced by external factors including calcium concentrations. When a common road salt, calcium chloride (CaCl2), enters freshwater ecosystems, it may be toxic to organisms or facilitate bivalves by serving as a calcium source. Therefore, CaCl2 could benefit invasive mollusks tolerant to chloride that require calcium to grow. We used mesocosms to investigate the impacts of CaCl2 (35–187 mg Ca2+ L−1) and invasive bivalves (Asian clams, Corbicula fluminea; zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha) on a native lake food web. We hypothesized that invasive bivalves facilitate benthic algae because they reduce phytoplankton and excrete waste. These changes in primary producers would subsequently impact consumers. We also hypothesized that low to moderate CaCl2 concentrations promote the survival, growth, and reproduction of native and invasive mollusks, while causing few toxic effects. If so, we hypothesized that invaded communities exposed to CaCl2 experience stronger impacts from the invasive bivalves. We found that invasive bivalves decreased phytoplankton, which led to decreases in periphyton, zooplankton, and native clams. They caused increases in filamentous algae and isopods. While zebra mussels survived poorly in all treatments, moderate concentrations of CaCl2 substantially reduced Asian clams, which reduced their community effects. Our highest CaCl2 treatments also reduced zooplankton densities. Thus, while freshwater salinization from road salts poses a concern, we observed no indication that CaCl2 road salt will benefit Asian clams and zebra mussels. However, the community-wide consequences from Asian clams at low CaCl2 emphasize the extensive effects that invasive bivalves can have on freshwater communities and the immense concern surrounding their invasions.



中文翻译:

氯化钙污染减轻了侵入性蛤的负面影响

入侵的双壳类动物可以极大地改变淡水生态系统并影响生态系统服务,但它们可能会受到包括钙浓度在内的外部因素的影响。当普通道路盐氯化钙(CaCl 2)进入淡水生态系统时,它可能对生物体有毒,或者通过充当钙源而促进双壳类动物的生长。因此,CaCl 2可能有益于耐受需要钙生长的氯化物的侵入性软体动物。我们使用生物群落研究氯化钙的影响2(35-187毫克的Ca 2+ 大号-1)和侵入性双壳类(亚洲蛤,河蚬;斑马贻贝,饰贝多形)在本地湖泊食物网上。我们假设侵入性双壳类动物有利于底栖藻类,因为它们可减少浮游植物和排泄废物。初级生产者的这些变化随后将影响消费者。我们还假设低至中等的CaCl 2浓度可促进天然和侵入性软体动物的存活,生长和繁殖,而几乎没有毒性作用。如果是这样,我们假设暴露于CaCl 2的入侵社区受到侵入性双壳类动物的强烈影响。我们发现侵入性双壳类动物减少了浮游植物,导致浮游植物,浮游动物和天然蛤类减少。它们导致丝状藻类和等足动物数量增加。虽然斑马贻贝在所有处理中均存活较差,但适量的CaCl2大大减少了亚洲蛤,从而降低了它们对社区的影响。我们最高的CaCl 2处理也降低了浮游动物的密度。因此,尽管从公路盐中淡化盐渍化值得关注,但我们没有发现CaCl 2公路盐会有益于亚洲蛤and和斑马贻贝的迹象。但是,亚洲蛤在低CaCl 2浓度下对整个社区造成的后果强调了侵入性双壳类动物可能对淡水社区产生广泛影响,并引起了对其入侵的极大关注。

更新日期:2021-01-02
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