The invasion of non-native bees to new ecological territories could spread novel pathogens causing emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in native species. We provide novel information on the prevalence, load, and co-infection network of honey bee viruses, trypanosoma, microsporidia and neogregarinorida pathogens in native Bombus dahlbomii and non-native Bombus terrestris and Bombus ruderatus. Apicystis bombi and Crithidia bombi were highly prevalent (> 78%) in three bumble bee species, with high loads of these pathogens. Nosema bombi was detected only in B. terrestris (37%) and B. ruderatus (15%). Lotmaria passim was detected in low prevalence (< 6%) and low loads in three bumble bee species. Deformed wing virus (genotype A) was detected only in B. terrestris (20%) and B. ruderatus (6%). Black queen cell virus was detected in B. terrestris (34%), B. ruderatus (22%) and B. dahlbomii (23%). Chronic bee paralysis virus, Kashmir bee virus and Acute bee paralysis virus were detected with low prevalence (7%) and titers in the three bumble bee species. The proximity of apiaries and collection sites was not a significant factor in the presence of viruses in bumble bees. The three bumble species were found to be co-infected with Apicystis bombi and C. bombi; a significant positive correlation was found between these two parasites, especially in B. terrestris. Multiple infections with N. bombi, A. bombi, C. bombi and viruses in B. terrestris and B. ruderatus were also detected. This suggests that the invasion and successful establishment of exotic bumble bees in a new area also entails the possible establishment of the pathogens that they carry, which could also be present in native bee species. This finding evidences a potential link between the population decline of B. dahlbomii and the pathogens that were detected with high levels and prevalence.

非本地蜜蜂向新的生态领土的入侵可能会传播新的病原体，从而在本地物种中引起新兴的传染病（EID）。我们提供有关本地Bombus dahlbomii和非本地Bombus terrestris和Bombus ruderatus中的蜜蜂病毒，锥虫病，微孢子虫和新gregarinorida病原体的流行，负载和共感染网络的新信息。在三个大黄蜂物种中，蚜虫和克里希氏菌是高度流行的（> 78％），这些病原体的负荷很高。仅在地雷氏芽孢杆菌（37％）和黑麦芽孢杆菌（15％）中检测到了Nosema bombi。西洋参在三种大黄蜂物种中，低流行率（<6％）和低负荷检测到了这种病毒。仅在畸形芽孢杆菌（20％）和小枝芽孢杆菌（6％）中检测到了变形的机翼病毒（基因型A ）。在土生芽孢杆菌（34％），乌拉氏芽孢杆菌（22％）和达氏芽孢杆菌（23％）中检测到黑皇后细胞病毒。在这三种大黄蜂中，慢性蜜蜂麻痹病毒，克什米尔蜜蜂病毒和急性蜜蜂麻痹病毒的检出率很低（7％），滴度也很低。养蜂场和采集点的接近程度并不是造成大黄蜂中存在病毒的重要因素。发现这三个大黄蜂物种与Apicystis bombi和C. bombi共同感染; 在这两个寄生虫之间发现了显着的正相关，特别是在陆地疫杆菌中。多重感染N. bombi，A. bombi，C. bombi和病毒B.蒺藜和B. ruderatus也被检测到。这表明外来大黄蜂在新地区的入侵和成功建立也意味着它们所携带的病原体的可能建立，这些病原体也可能存在于本地蜂种中。这一发现证明了达尔氏芽孢杆菌的种群下降与高水平流行的病原体之间存在潜在的联系。