Rapid response to destructive tsunami and seismic events requires rapid determination of the earthquake magnitude. We propose a new method that employs peak ground velocities (PGVs) derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data to estimate earthquake magnitudes. With a total of 1434 records from 22 events as the constraints, we perform the regression and obtain a PGV scaling law for magnitude determination. The advantage of the new method is that the PGVs are extracted from the GNSS velocity waveforms, which can be easily computed using broadcast GNSS ephemeris. In contrast, the peak ground displacement (PGD) depends on a sophisticated high‐precision GNSS‐processing subject to external correction data, realization of which cannot be kept robust constantly, especially in real time. The results show that the PGV magnitudes agree with reported moment magnitudes with mean absolute deviation of 0.26 magnitude units for the 22 events and also agree well with the PGD magnitude. We further demonstrate that GNSS‐derived PGV and the modified Mercalli intensity values can be consistent with their counterparts from the U.S. Geological Survey ShakeMap products and therefore the GNSS‐derived PGVs have the potential to be included in the ShakeMap as a complementary constraint, especially in areas with sparse seismic station coverage for large earthquake.

中文翻译：

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使用高速GNSS观测值得出的峰值地速进行地震震级缩放

对破坏性海啸和地震事件的快速响应需要对地震震级进行快速确定。我们提出了一种新方法，该方法利用了从全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）数据得出的峰值地面速度（PGV）来估计地震烈度。以来自22个事件的1434条记录作为约束，我们执行回归并获得PGV比例定律以进行幅度确定。新方法的优点是，PGV是从GNSS速度波形中提取的，可以使用广播GNSS星历轻松计算出。相比之下，峰值地面位移（PGD）取决于复杂的高精度GNSS处理程序，该处理程序需要外部校正数据，而这些数据的实现不能始终保持鲁棒性，尤其是实时。结果表明，PGV量级与报告的力矩量级一致，22个事件的平均绝对偏差为0.26个量级单位，并且也与PGD量级很好地吻合。我们进一步证明，GNSS衍生的PGV和修改后的Mercalli强度值可以与美国地质调查局ShakeMap产品中的PGV一致，因此，GNSS衍生的PGV有可能作为补充约束纳入ShakeMap中，尤其是在地震台站稀疏的大地震地区。