Voltage control schemes are being employed to guarantee that the voltage across the grid stays within the predefined boundaries. Growing number of smart PV-based inverters (SPVIs) necessitates cutting-edge control schemes to ensure addressing voltage fluctuations suitably aligned with the existing grid codes. Designing such control schemes for grid clusters with high penetration of SPVIs is complex and depends on various agencies, such as configuration of the clusters and physical limitations of the SPVIs, themselves. This article proposes a multitimescale three-tiered voltage control framework for dispersed SPVIs at the grid edge. The uppermost tier called the long-term supervisory tier oversees the entire grid cluster to make sure that total generation and consumption on the cluster are balanced while power delivery losses are minimized and voltage across the grid is within the permissible boundaries. In short term, the middle tier of the proposed framework called short-term distributed tier ensures cooperative operation of the SPVIs for establishing short-term voltage stability across the cluster in a subsecond timeframe. The undermost tier, called the model-predictive-based local tier, fulfills the operational commands dictated by the upper layers with fast dynamics. By implementing the proposed control framework, the SPVIs will participate in voltage regulation across the grid in occurrence of rapid voltage fluctuations while keeping the entire distribution grid at the optimal operating condition for a long term. The proposed multitimescale three-tiered control framework is verified by simulation.

中文翻译：

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电网边缘分散式智能逆变器的多时间尺度三层电压控制框架

正在采用电压控制方案来保证跨电网的电压保持在预定义的边界内。越来越多的基于光伏的智能逆变器 (SPVI) 需要尖端的控制方案，以确保解决与现有电网规范适当对齐的电压波动。为具有高 SPVI 渗透率的网格集群设计此类控制方案是复杂的，并且取决于各种机构，例如集群的配置和 SPVI 本身的物理限制。本文为电网边缘的分散 SPVI 提出了一个多时间尺度的三层电压控制框架。最上层称为长期监管层，负责监管整个电网集群，以确保集群上的总发电量和消耗量达到平衡，同时最大限度地减少电力输送损失，并且电网两端的电压在允许的范围内。在短期内，所提议框架的中间层称为短期分布式层，可确保 SPVI 的协作操作，以便在亚秒级的时间范围内建立跨集群的短期电压稳定性。最底层，称为基于模型预测的本地层，以快速动态执行由上层指定的操作命令。通过实施拟议的控制框架，SPVI 将在发生快速电压波动时参与整个电网的电压调节，同时使整个配电网长期保持在最佳运行状态。通过仿真验证了所提出的多时间尺度三层控制框架。