This paper presents a reconfigurable, dual-output, regulating rectifier featuring pulse width modulation (PWM) and dual-mode pulse frequency modulation (PFM) control schemes for single-stage ac-to-dc conversion to provide two independently regulated supply voltages (each in 1.5–3 V) from an input ac voltage. The dual-mode PFM controllers feature event-driven regulation as well as frequency division. The former incorporates stable, fast, digital feedback loops to adaptively adjust the driving frequency of four power transistors, M _P1∼4 , based on the desired output power level to perform voltage regulation and deliver fast, transient, load currents. The latter sets the driving frequency of M _P1∼4 to a user-defined fraction (1/1 ∼ 1/32) of the input frequency (1–10 MHz). The PWM controllers incorporate stable, analog, feedback loops to accurately adjust the conduction duration of M _P1∼4 for voltage regulation and can be combined with PFM frequency division for an extended operation dynamic range. Fabricated in 0.18 μm 1P/6M CMOS, the regulating rectifier features power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >83.8% at 2 and 5 MHz, with the first output channel delivering ∼1 mW from V_DD of 1.5 V and the second output channel delivering variable power from V_DDH of 2.5 V to a load in the range of 0.1 to 1 kΩ. Peak PCE values of 90.75% (2 MHz, 100 Ω) and 90.7% (5 MHz, 200 Ω) are also measured. The regulating rectifier is suitable for the emerging modality of capacitive wireless power transfer to biomedical implants.

中文翻译：

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具有 PWM 和双模式 PFM 控制的双输出单级调节整流器，用于生物医学植入物的无线供电

本文介绍了一种可重构、双输出、调节整流器，具有脉冲宽度调制 (PWM) 和双模式脉冲频率调制 (PFM) 控制方案，用于单级 AC-DC 转换，以提供两个独立调节的电源电压（每个在 1.5–3 V 中）来自输入交流电压。双模式 PFM 控制器具有事件驱动调节和分频功能。前者采用稳定、快速、数字反馈回路，自适应调整四个功率晶体管的驱动频率，米 _磷1∼4 ，基于所需的输出功率水平来执行电压调节并提供快速、瞬态的负载电流。后者设定驱动频率为米 _磷1∼4到输入频率 (1–10 MHz) 的用户定义分数 (1/1 ∼ 1/32)。PWM 控制器包含稳定的模拟反馈回路，以准确调整导通持续时间米 _磷1∼4用于电压调节，并可与 PFM 分频结合以扩展操作动态范围。调节整流器采用 0.18 μm 1P/6M CMOS 制造，在 2 MHz 和 5 MHz 下具有 >83.8% 的功率转换效率 (PCE)，第一个输出通道从V _DD 1.5 V 和第二个输出通道提供可变功率 V _DDH2.5 V 至 0.1 至 1 kΩ 范围内的负载。还测量了 90.75% (2 MHz, 100 Ω) 和 90.7% (5 MHz, 200 Ω) 的峰值 PCE 值。调节整流器适用于将电容式无线电能传输到生物医学植入物的新兴模式。