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Utilising grassland management and climate data for more accurate prediction of herbage mass using the rising plate meter
Precision Agriculture ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s11119-020-09778-4
D. J. Murphy , P. Shine , B. O’. Brien , M. O’. Donovan , M. D. Murphy

Efficient grass-based livestock production depends on precise allocation of pasture to the herd in the form of herbage mass (HM). Accurate measurement of HM results in increased utilisation of grass in the herd’s diet and consequently reductions in whole-farm feed inputs, emissions and costs. The rising plate meter (RPM) is an established method of estimating HM, but there is scope to improve its accuracy. Real-time meteorological data and pasture management information have never been analysed in combination with the RPM. This study aimed to utilise such data to improve the accuracy of HM prediction using multiple linear regression (MLR) and machine learning through the random forest (RF) algorithm. Seventeen variables were assessed and models were evaluated in terms of relative prediction error (RPE). Decreases of 6–12% RPE were observed for the MLR models compared with conventional models. Further decreases of 11–17% were recorded for RF models. An MLR model comprising of management data that were readily available to farmers was deemed optimum for on-farm use and included coefficients for: compressed sward height (mm), nitrogen fertiliser rate (kg ha −1 ) and grazing rotation number (RMSE = 324 kg DM ha −1 ). The addition of meteorological variables resulted in a further 0.9% decrease in RPE (RMSE = 312 kg DM ha −1 ), but was not practical considering the expense of on-farm meteorological sensors. The RF model with meteorological variables (RMSE = 262 kg DM ha −1 ) had 1.5% lower RPE compared with the RF model without (RMSE = 243 kg DM ha −1 ).

中文翻译:

利用草地管理和气候数据,使用升板仪更准确地预测牧草质量

高效的以草为基础的畜牧生产取决于以牧草群 (HM) 的形式将牧草精确分配给牧群。准确测量 HM 可以提高牧群饮食中草的利用率,从而减少整个农场的饲料投入、排放和成本。升板计 (RPM) 是一种既定的估算 HM 的方法,但其精度仍有提高的余地。实时气象数据和牧场管理信息从未与 RPM 结合进行分析。本研究旨在利用这些数据通过随机森林 (RF) 算法使用多元线性回归 (MLR) 和机器学习来提高 HM 预测的准确性。评估了 17 个变量,并根据相对预测误差 (RPE) 评估模型。与传统模型相比,MLR 模型的 RPE 降低了 6-12%。RF 模型进一步下降了 11-17%。一个由农民随时可用的管理数据组成的 MLR 模型被认为最适合在农场使用,并包括以下系数:压缩草皮高度 (mm)、氮肥施用量 (kg ha -1 ) 和放牧轮转数 (RMSE = 324) kg DM ha -1 )。添加气象变量导致 RPE 进一步降低 0.9%(RMSE = 312 kg DM ha -1 ),但考虑到农场气象传感器的费用,这是不切实际的。与没有(RMSE = 243 kg DM ha -1 )的RF 模型相比,具有气象变量(RMSE = 262 kg DM ha -1 )的RF 模型的RPE 降低了1.5%。RF 模型进一步下降了 11-17%。一个由农民随时可用的管理数据组成的 MLR 模型被认为最适合在农场使用,并包括以下系数:压缩草皮高度 (mm)、氮肥施用量 (kg ha -1 ) 和放牧轮转数 (RMSE = 324) kg DM ha -1 )。添加气象变量导致 RPE 进一步降低 0.9%(RMSE = 312 kg DM ha -1 ),但考虑到农场气象传感器的费用,这是不切实际的。与没有(RMSE = 243 kg DM ha -1 )的RF 模型相比,具有气象变量(RMSE = 262 kg DM ha -1 )的RF 模型的RPE 降低了1.5%。RF 模型进一步下降了 11-17%。一个由农民随时可用的管理数据组成的 MLR 模型被认为最适合在农场使用,并包括以下系数:压缩草皮高度 (mm)、氮肥施用量 (kg ha -1 ) 和放牧轮转数 (RMSE = 324) kg DM ha -1 )。添加气象变量导致 RPE 进一步降低 0.9%(RMSE = 312 kg DM ha -1 ),但考虑到农场气象传感器的费用,这是不切实际的。与没有(RMSE = 243 kg DM ha -1 )的RF 模型相比,具有气象变量(RMSE = 262 kg DM ha -1 )的RF 模型的RPE 降低了1.5%。氮肥施用量(kg ha -1 )和放牧轮次(RMSE = 324 kg DM ha -1 )。添加气象变量导致 RPE 进一步降低 0.9%(RMSE = 312 kg DM ha -1 ),但考虑到农场气象传感器的费用,这是不切实际的。与没有(RMSE = 243 kg DM ha -1 )的RF 模型相比,具有气象变量(RMSE = 262 kg DM ha -1 )的RF 模型的RPE 降低了1.5%。氮肥施用量(kg ha -1 )和放牧轮次(RMSE = 324 kg DM ha -1 )。添加气象变量导致 RPE 进一步降低 0.9%(RMSE = 312 kg DM ha -1 ),但考虑到农场气象传感器的费用,这是不切实际的。与没有(RMSE = 243 kg DM ha -1 )的RF 模型相比,具有气象变量(RMSE = 262 kg DM ha -1 )的RF 模型的RPE 降低了1.5%。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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