当前位置: X-MOL 学术Oecologia › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Leaf litter input to ponds can dramatically alter amphibian morphological phenotypes
Oecologia ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04819-1
Julia E. Earl

Phenotypic plasticity in growth and development is commonly examined, but morphology can exhibit plasticity as well. Leg length plasticity is important, because it impacts mobility, which affects predator avoidance, prey capture, and seasonal movements. Differences in relative (i.e., body size adjusted) hind leg lengths > 5% in anurans affect jumping abilities, and resource levels and predation can generate these differences. Leaf litter input can alter larval growth and development and likely morphology as well. I show that relative leg length [leg length/snout-to-vent length (SVL) × 100%] can be quite variable, ranging from 44% of SVL to 120% of SVL across the following species: Hyla versicolor, Lithobates sylvaticus, L. sphenocephalus, and Anaxyrus americanus. Within species variability was highest in L. sylvaticus and almost as great as across species. I measured relative leg length for metamorphs from aquatic mesocosm studies examining the effects of plant litter type and quality. I also examined the relative importance of different environmental variables, including water quality, predation, resource level, and temperature. Good predictors were found only for the two ranids, where leaf litter input was the only variable found to affect relative leg length. Ranid frogs had longer legs when emerging from mesocosms with grass than mesocosms with no litter input, and deciduous leaves produced metamorphs intermediate in leg length. These results suggest that habitat changes in vegetation from land use change, invasive species, and climate change may affect the mobility and fitness of individuals through changes in metamorph relative leg length.



中文翻译:

输入池塘的凋落物可以显着改变两栖动物的形态表型

通常检查生长和发育中的表型可塑性,但是形态也可以表现出可塑性。腿长的可塑性很重要,因为它会影响活动性,从而影响避免捕食,捕获猎物和季节性活动。相对的(即,已调整身材的大小)后肢长度的差异(无脊椎动物)会影响跳跃能力,并且资源水平和掠夺力会产生这些差异。凋落物的输入可以改变幼虫的生长和发育以及可能的形态。我发现相对腿长[腿长/鼻翼到出院长度(SVL)×100%]可以变化很大,在以下物种中介于从SVL的44%到SVL的120%之间:杂色雨蛙樟子松sphenocephalus美洲无脊椎动物。在物种内变异程度最高的是西尔劳氏菌,几乎与整个物种一样大我测量了水生中观研究中变质体的相对腿长,研究了植物凋落物类型和质量的影响。我还研究了不同环境变量的相对重要性,包括水质,捕食,资源水平和温度。仅对这两个花id发现了良好的预测指标,其中凋落物的输入是唯一会影响相对腿长的变量。与没有垃圾输入的中型动物相比,蛙类青蛙从具有草地的中型动物中出来时的腿更长,而落叶的叶子则产生了在腿长中间的变态。这些结果表明,由土地利用变化,入侵物种和气候变化引起的植被生境变化可能会通过变态相对腿长的变化影响个体的活动性和适应性。

更新日期:2021-01-01
down
wechat
bug