Spondylodiscitis (SD) is the concurrent infection of the intervertebral disc and the adjacent vertebral bodies. Currently, there is a substantial lack of structured reviews about this topic. The aim of this study was to systematically review the available literature in order to determine the main features of pediatric SD. A systematic search of MEDLINE database was performed, according to the PRISMA guideline recommendations. Clinical features, laboratory data, radiological signs, treatments strategies, and outcomes were summarized. Studies’ quality assessments were performed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists. A total of 35 retrospective studies were analyzed and 340 children were identified. The most frequently affected age class was 0.5–4 years. The most affected site was the lumbar spine. The most commonly reported symptoms were back pain (37.97%) and refusal to walk/to stand/to sit (49.79%). The most frequently identified pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus (n = 33). The most used antibiotics were third generation cephalosporins. The intravenous therapy duration range was 1–25 weeks, the oral therapy duration range was 5 days–36 months. Surgery was used in 5.88% of children. In 29 cases clinical sequelae were documented. This study provides the main features of pediatric SD; it also emphasizes the significant gaps in the literature regarding this topic.

中文翻译：

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儿童脊柱炎的特征，治疗和结果：系统评价

脊椎盘炎（SD）是椎间盘和相邻椎体的并发感染。当前，关于此主题的结构化评论严重缺乏。这项研究的目的是系统地审查可用的文献，以确定儿科SD的主要特征。根据PRISMA指南的建议，对MEDLINE数据库进行了系统搜索。总结了临床特征，实验室数据，放射学体征，治疗策略和结果。使用JBI关键评估清单进行研究的质量评估。共分析了35项回顾性研究，确定了340名儿童。受影响最严重的年龄段是0.5–4岁。受影响最大的部位是腰椎。最常报告的症状是背部疼痛（37.97％）和拒绝走路/站立/坐下（49.79％）。最常见的病原体是金黄色葡萄球菌（n = 33）。最常用的抗生素是第三代头孢菌素。静脉治疗的持续时间为1–25周，口服治疗的持续时间为5天–36个月。5.88％的儿童使用外科手术。记录了29例临床后遗症。这项研究提供了小儿SD的主要特征；它还强调了有关该主题的文献中的重大空白。