Greenland and the Tibetan Plateau, also known as the third pole, are both cold environments where anthropogenic activities are relatively weak. There are multitudinous lakes in both regions, especially in Greenland, where small water bodies are continuously created as glaciers retreat. It is unclear whether the community structure and community assembly mechanisms of these water bodies are consistent with those of lakes in the Tibetan Plateau that were indirectly influenced by glaciers. In addition, due to different evolution times of the lakes, differences of microbial diversity, especially at the sub‐species level, are feasible but not yet reported. Microbial compositions in lake water and sediment were investigated based on high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The oligotyping analysis revealed disproportionally distributed bacterial oligotypes in lakes between the two different areas. Moreover, microbial macrodiversity and intra‐operational taxonomic units microdiversity is significantly higher in Greenland lakes which experiencing early lake ontogeny. Microbial community composition and functionality significantly distinguished between the two regions and habitats. Multivariate analysis together with null model tests demonstrated that deterministic processes largely controlled the patterns of community structure in the sediment, while stochastic processes are more important for those in pelagic water in both regions. Microbes may be further subject to N and P co‐limitation in line with the evolution of lake ecosystems. The obtained results could help us understand evolution trajectory of these polar lakes under the future climate change scenario.

中文翻译：

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格陵兰和青藏高原之间淡水湖泊中微生物组成和多样性的比较

格陵兰岛和青藏高原也被称为第三极，都是人为活动相对较弱的寒冷环境。这两个地区都有许多湖泊，特别是在格陵兰，随着冰川的退缩，不断形成小的水体。目前尚不清楚这些水体的群落结构和群落聚集机制是否与受冰川间接影响的青藏高原湖泊相一致。此外，由于湖泊的演化时间不同，微生物多样性的差异是可行的，尤其是在亚种水平上，但尚未得到报道。基于16S rRNA基因的高通量测序，研究了湖水和沉积物中的微生物组成。寡聚分析表明，在两个不同区域之间的湖泊中细菌寡聚体分布不成比例。此外，在经历早期湖泊成因的格陵兰湖中，微生物的宏观多样性和业务内生物分类单位的微生物多样性明显更高。微生物群落的组成和功能在两个区域和栖息地之间有明显区别。多变量分析和无效模型检验表明，确定性过程在很大程度上控制了沉积物中的群落结构模式，而随机过程对这两个地区的中上层水中的那些更为重要。随着湖泊生态系统的发展，微生物可能会进一步受到N和P共同限制。