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When do Janzen–Connell effects matter? A phylogenetic meta‐analysis of conspecific negative distance and density dependence experiments
Ecology Letters ( IF 8.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.13665
Xiaoyang Song 1, 2 , Jun Ying Lim 3 , Jie Yang 1, 2 , Matthew Scott Luskin 4
Affiliation  

The Janzen–Connell (J‐C) hypothesis suggests that specialised natural enemies cause distance‐ or density‐dependent mortality among host plants and is regarded as an important mechanism for species coexistence. However, there remains debate about whether this phenomenon is widespread and how variation is structured across taxa and life stages. We performed the largest meta‐analysis of experimental studies conducted under natural settings to date. We found little evidence of distance‐dependent or density‐dependent mortality when grouping all types of manipulations. Our analysis also reveals very large variation in response among species, with 38.5% of species even showing positive responses to manipulations. However, we found a strong signal of distance‐dependent mortality among seedlings but not seed experiments, which we attribute to (a) seedlings sharing susceptible tissues with adults (leaves, wood, roots), (b) seedling enemies having worse dispersal than seed enemies and (c) seedlings having fewer physical and chemical defences than seeds. Both density‐ and distance‐dependent mortality showed large variation within genera and families, suggesting that J‐C effects are not strongly phylogenetically conserved. There were no clear trends with latitude, rainfall or study duration. We conclude that J‐C effects may not be as pervasive as widely thought. Understanding the variation in J‐C effects provides opportunities for new discoveries that will refine our understanding of J‐C effects and its role in species coexistence.

中文翻译:

Janzen–Connell效应何时重要?同种负距离和密度依赖性实验的系统进化荟萃分析

Janzen-Connell(J-C)假设表明,专门的天敌会导致寄主植物之间的距离或密度依赖性死亡,并被视为物种共存的重要机制。但是,关于这种现象是否普遍存在以及在分类单元和生命阶段如何形成变异的争论仍然存在。迄今为止,我们对在自然环境下进行的实验研究进行了最大的荟萃分析。当对所有类型的操作进行分组时,我们发现几乎没有证据表明距离依赖或密度依赖的死亡率。我们的分析还揭示了物种间响应的巨大差异,其中38.5%的物种甚至显示出对操纵的积极响应。但是,我们发现了一个很强的信号,表明幼苗之间的距离依赖死亡率,而种子实验却没有,我们将其归因于(a)与成虫(叶片,木材,根部)共享易感组织的幼苗,(b)种子敌人比种子敌人传播更差,以及(c)种子的物理和化学防御能力比种子差。密度和距离相关的死亡率在属内和家族内均显示出很大的差异,这表明J-C效应在系统发育上并不十分保守。纬度,降雨量或研究持续时间没有明显趋势。我们得出的结论是,J‐C效应可能不像人们普遍认为的那样普遍。理解JC效应的变化为新发现提供了机会,这将加深我们对JC效应及其在物种共存中的作用的理解。(b)散布种子的敌人比散布种子的敌人差,并且(c)幼苗的物理和化学防御能力低于散布。密度和距离相关的死亡率在属内和家族内均显示出很大的差异,这表明J-C效应在系统发育上并不十分保守。纬度,降雨量或研究持续时间没有明显趋势。我们得出的结论是,J-C效应可能不像人们普遍认为的那样普遍。理解JC效应的变化为新发现提供了机会,这些发现将加深我们对JC效应及其在物种共存中的作用的理解。(b)散布种子的敌人比散布种子的敌人差,并且(c)幼苗的物理和化学防御能力低于散布。密度和距离相关的死亡率在属内和家族内均显示出很大的差异,这表明J-C效应在系统发育上并不十分保守。纬度,降雨量或研究持续时间没有明显趋势。我们得出的结论是,J‐C效应可能不像人们普遍认为的那样普遍。理解JC效应的变化为新发现提供了机会,这将加深我们对JC效应及其在物种共存中的作用的理解。纬度,降雨量或研究持续时间没有明显趋势。我们得出的结论是,J‐C效应可能不像人们普遍认为的那样普遍。理解JC效应的变化为新发现提供了机会,这将加深我们对JC效应及其在物种共存中的作用的理解。纬度,降雨量或研究持续时间没有明显趋势。我们得出的结论是,J‐C效应可能不像人们普遍认为的那样普遍。理解JC效应的变化为新发现提供了机会,这将加深我们对JC效应及其在物种共存中的作用的理解。
更新日期:2021-02-12
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