The aims of this study were to compare male versus female and dominant versus non-dominant kinematics in the ankle and hindfoot, and to characterize coupled motion between the subtalar and tibiotalar joints during the support phase of gait. Twenty healthy adults walked on a laboratory walkway while synchronized biplane radiographs of the ankle and hindfoot were collected at 100 frames/s. A validated tracking technique was used to measure tibiotalar and subtalar kinematics. Differences between male and female range of motion (ROM) were observed only in tibiotalar (AP and ML) and subtalar (ML) translation (all differences<1 mm and all p < 0.04). Statistical parametric mapping identified differences between kinematics waveforms of males and females in tibiotalar translation (AP and ML) and eversion, and subtalar ML translation. No differences between dominant and non-dominant sides were observed in ROM or kinematics waveforms. The average absolute side-to-side difference in the kinematics waveforms was 4.1° and 1.5 mm or less for all rotations and translations, respectively. Tibiotalar plantarflexion was coupled to subtalar inversion and eversion during the impact and push-off phases of stance (r = 0.90 and r = 0.87, respectively). This data may serve as a guide for evaluating ankle kinematics waveforms, ROM, symmetry, and restoration of healthy coupled motion after surgical intervention or rehabilitation. The observed kinematics differences between males and females may predispose females to higher rates of ankle and knee injury and suggest sex-dependent ankle reconstruction techniques may be beneficial.

本研究的目的是比较男性与女性以及踝和后足的显性与非显性运动学，并描述在步态支撑阶段距下关节和胫距关节之间的耦合运动。20 名健康成年人在实验室走道上行走，同时以 100 帧/秒的速度收集踝关节和后足的同步双平面 X 光片。使用经过验证的跟踪技术来测量胫距和距下运动学。仅在胫距（AP 和 ML）和距下（ML）平移（所有差异<1 mm 和所有 p < 0.04）中观察到男性和女性运动范围 (ROM) 之间的差异。统计参数映射确定了男性和女性在胫距平移（AP 和 ML）和外翻以及距下 ML 平移中的运动学波形之间的差异。在 ROM 或运动学波形中未观察到优势侧和非优势侧之间的差异。对于所有旋转和平移，运动学波形的平均绝对左右差异分别为 4.1° 和 1.5 mm 或更小。在站立的冲击和推离阶段，胫距跖屈与距下倒置和外翻相结合（分别为 r = 0.90 和 r = 0.87）。该数据可作为评估踝关节运动学波形、ROM、对称性和手术干预或康复后恢复健康耦合运动的指南。观察到的男性和女性之间的运动学差异可能使女性更容易发生踝关节和膝关节损伤，并表明性别相关的踝关节重建技术可能是有益的。