Global loss of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and associated ecosystem function has prompted an interest in SAV revegetation, particularly where underlying stressors such as nutrient enrichment are mitigated, yet natural recruitment remains low. Typically, SAV is hand-planted, but alternative reliable and practically scalable SAV planting techniques are needed. In mesocosms, we evaluated five planting techniques: 1) hand planting, anchoring using 2) fishing weights and 3) plaster blocks, and sediment-added methods using 4) peat pots and 5) burlap-wraps (“burritos”). Anchoring and sediment-added techniques were also field evaluated at four locations within a single lake. In mesocosms, all techniques effectively established two common North American SAV species, Vallisneria americana and Potamogeton illinoensis. Sediment-added techniques had species-specific benefits, e.g. burritos produced taller Vallisneria leaves, and greater Potamogeton biomass, while peat pots encouraged rapid Vallisneria shoot production. However, no treatment was universally beneficial across all growth metrics. In the field, all techniques were effective at two sites, but at two other sites, no techniques were successful. Results show that under favorable mesocosm and field conditions, all techniques promote establishment; however, subtle differences in technique-driven plant traits (height, density, nutrients) suggest that under specific environmental conditions, some techniques may be more favorable. Also, no technique offers practical advantages in every scenario, but each offers situation-specific advantages. Guidance emerging from this work is that all techniques are potentially effective, but small-scale tests in site-specific restoration scenarios, along with consideration of feasibility constraints, are recommended to inform large-scale plantings.

全球淹没水生植被（SAV）的丧失和相关的生态系统功能引起了人们对SAV再植被的兴趣，特别是在缓解了诸如营养丰富等潜在压力的同时，自然补充仍然很低。通常，SAV是手工种植的，但是需要替代的可靠且实用可扩展的SAV种植技术。在中观世界中，我们评估了五种种植技术：1）手工种植，使用2）钓鱼重物和3）石膏块进行锚固，以及使用4）泥炭盆和5）粗麻布包裹（“玉米煎饼”）的沉积物添加方法。还对单个湖泊内四个位置的锚固和添加泥沙的技术进行了现场评估。在中观世界中，所有技术均有效地建立了北美两种常见的SAV物种，美国的Vallisneria和伊利诺斯州的河豚。添加泥沙的技术具有特定于物种的好处，例如，墨西哥卷饼可以生产出更高的Vallisneria叶片，以及更大的Potamogeton生物量，而泥炭盆则可以促进快速的Vallisneria拍摄制作。但是，没有一种方法在所有增长指标上都普遍受益。在现场，所有技术都在两个站点上有效，但是在其他两个站点上，没有任何技术成功。结果表明，在有利的中观和野外条件下，所有技术都可以促进建立。然而，技术驱动的植物性状（高度，密度，养分）之间的细微差异表明，在特定的环境条件下，某些技术可能更有利。同样，没有一种技术可以在每种情况下提供实际的优势，但是每种技术都可以提供特定于情况的优势。从这项工作中得出的指导意见是，所有技术都可能有效，但是建议在特定地点的恢复方案中进行小规模测试，并考虑可行性约束，以为大规模种植提供信息。