As an emerging research model in vitro, organoids have achieved major progress in recapitulating morphological aspects of organs and personalized precision therapy. Various organoids have been currently constructed in vitro (e.g., brain, heart, liver, and gastrointestinal). Though there are prominent advantages on microstructures and partial functions, most of them have been encountering a frustrating challenge that stromal components (e.g., blood vessels) are in short supplement, which has imposed the main dilemma on the application of such model ex vivo. As advanced technologies, co-culturing pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, with endothelial cells on 3D substrate matrix, are leaping forward, a novel model of an organoid with vascularization is formed. The mentioned contribute to the construction of the functional organoids derived from corresponding tissues, making them more reliable in stem cell research and clinical medicine. The present study overall summarizes progress of the evolution, applications and prospects of vascularized organoids.

中文翻译：

---

血管化类器官：更完整的模型。

作为一种新兴的体外研究模型，类器官在概括器官的形态学方面和个性化的精确治疗方面取得了重大进展。目前已在体外构建了各种类器官（例如，大脑，心脏，肝脏和胃肠道）。尽管在微观结构和部分功能上具有显着的优势，但它们中的大多数都遇到了令人沮丧的挑战，即基质成分（例如血管）的短补，这给这种模型的离体应用带来了主要难题。随着先进技术的发展，多能干细胞，间充质干细胞与内皮细胞在3D基质基质上的共培养正在飞跃发展，形成了具有血管化的类器官的新型模型。提到的有助于从相应组织衍生的功能类器官的构建，使其在干细胞研究和临床医学中更加可靠。本研究总体上总结了血管化类器官的进化，应用和前景。