Control aims to avoid oxygen starvation and maximize the net power output by maintaining the optimal oxygen excess ratio (OER), which varies between 1.8 and 2.5. Because of the nonlinearity of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) air supply system and the different conditions, ensuring an optimal OER is still a challenge. In this study, a model-free adaptive controller is presented for the PEMFC air supply system based on feedback linearization and interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (IT2 FLSs). Theoretical analysis and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. For the theoretical analysis, first, the PEMFC air supply system is transformed into a canonical form with the feedback linearization technique. Then, zero-dynamics stability is discussed in detail to determine the stability of the internal dynamics. Finally, an adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy logic system controller (AIT2FLSC) is designed on the basis of the Lyapunov stability theory, which does not require complete a priori knowledge of the system dynamics. For the experimental results, the root mean square error (RMSE), variance, and standard deviation (SD) of the tracking error are used as tracking performance metrics to evaluate the control accuracy of the proposed AIT2FLSC, which are 0.0968, 0.0093, and 0.0962, respectively. Compared with the traditional proportion integration differentiation controller (RMSE 0.1119, variance 0.0122, and SD 0.1105), this proposed algorithm obtains better adaptability and the RMSE of the tracking error improves 13.48%. Compared with the adaptive type-1 fuzzy logic system controller (AT1FLSC) (RMSE 0.1076, variance 0.0113, and SD 0.1063), this AT2FLSC has a stronger ability to deal with uncertainty and the RMSE of the tracking error improves 10% when the stack temperature is fixed (353.15 K). Furthermore, when the stack temperature is time-varying, the RMSE, variance, and SD of the tracking error under the AIT2FLSC are 0.0966, 0.0092, and 0.0960, respectively, which is less than AT1FLSC (0.1085, 0.0115, and 0.1073) and the RMSE of the tracking error improves 10.99%.

中文翻译：

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基于区间2型模糊逻辑系统的PEMFC供气系统无模型自适应控制

控制旨在通过保持最佳氧过量比 (OER)（在 1.8 和 2.5 之间变化）来避免缺氧并最大化净功率输出。由于质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC) 供气系统的非线性和不同条件，确保最佳 OER 仍然是一个挑战。在这项研究中，提出了一种基于反馈线性化和区间类型 2 模糊逻辑系统 (IT2 FLS) 的 PEMFC 供气系统的无模型自适应控制器。理论分析和实验结果验证了所提出的控制方案的有效性。对于理论分析，首先，利用反馈线性化技术将 PEMFC 供气系统转化为规范形式。然后，详细讨论零动力学稳定性以确定内部动力学的稳定性。最后，基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论设计了一个自适应区间 2 型模糊逻辑系统控制器（AIT2FLSC），它不需要系统动力学的完整先验知识。对于实验结果，将跟踪误差的均方根误差（RMSE）、方差和标准偏差（SD）作为跟踪性能指标来评估所提出的 AIT2FLSC 的控制精度，分别为 0.0968、0.0093 和 0.0962 ， 分别。与传统的比例积分微分控制器（RMSE 0.1119，方差0.0122，SD 0.1105）相比，该算法具有更好的适应性，跟踪误差的RMSE提高了13.48%。与自适应 1 类模糊逻辑系统控制器（AT1FLSC）（RMSE 0.1076，方差 0.0113，SD 0.1063）相比，该 AT2FLSC 具有更强的处理不确定性的能力，当烟囱温度升高时，跟踪误差的 RMSE 提高 10%是固定的 (353.15 K)。此外，当烟囱温度随时间变化时，AIT2FLSC下跟踪误差的RMSE、方差和SD分别为0.0966、0.0092和0.0960，小于AT1FLSC（0.1085、0.0115和0.1073）和跟踪误差的均方根误差提高了 10.99%。