Abstract The precise prediction of end-point carbon content in liquid steel plays a critical role in increasing productivity as well as energy efficiency that can be achieved in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking process. Due to numerous and diversity of the studies on BOF end-point carbon prediction, it seems necessary to provide a comprehensive literature review on state-of-the-art developments in end-point carbon prediction for BOF steelmaking. This paper presents the characteristics of different end-point carbon prediction models. The end-point carbon prediction for BOF steelmaking has initially relied on the experience and skill of the operators. With the development of information technology and auto-detection methods, BOF end-point carbon prediction mainly has gone through three stages, such as static prediction, dynamic prediction, and intelligent prediction. Future contributions to the development and application of intelligent end-point carbon prediction in BOF steelmaking are still arduous tasks. However, it is envisaged that the intelligent end-point carbon prediction will witness more frequent applications and greatly improve the high-quality, high-efficiency, and stable production for BOF steelmaking in the future.

中文翻译：

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转炉炼钢过程终点碳预测综述

摘要 钢水终点碳含量的精确预测对于提高碱性氧气炉（BOF）炼钢过程中的生产率和能源效率起着至关重要的作用。由于关于转炉炼钢终点碳预测的研究数量众多且多种多样，似乎有必要对转炉炼钢终点碳预测的最新进展进行全面的文献综述。本文介绍了不同终点碳预测模型的特点。转炉炼钢的终点碳预测最初依赖于操作人员的经验和技能。随着信息技术和自动检测方法的发展，转炉终点碳预测主要经历了静态预测、动态预测、和智能预测。未来为转炉炼钢智能终点碳预测的开发和应用做出贡献仍是艰巨的任务。但可以预见，智能终点碳预测将在未来得到更频繁的应用，大大提高转炉炼钢的优质、高效、稳定生产。