Avocado Hass (Persea americana Mill) peel extract (APE) has the potential as a natural ingredient to substitute for chemical preservatives. The objectives of this study were to assess the phytochemical composition by high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass/mass spectrometry (HPLC-qTOF-MS/MS), total phenolic content (TPC), proanthocyanidin (PAC) content, and antioxidant activity of the APE, the organic fraction (OF), the aqueous fraction (AF), and the acid-microwave hydrolyzed APE (HAPE), on the antibacterial activity (ABA). The results indicated that APE and OF contained (p ˂ 0.05) a higher phenolic composition and antioxidant activity than AF and HAPE. The ABA specified that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus were inhibited by all the extracts (minimal inhibitory concentration—MIC ≥ 500 µg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus was only significantly inhibited by APE (≥750 µg/mL), the same MIC was observed for the OF on Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The HAPE increased the inhibitory efficiency up to 25% on Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. (MIC ≥ 750 µg/mL), and 83.34% on L. monocytogenes (MIC ≥ 125 µg/mL) compared to APE (MIC ≥ 750 µg/mL). Also, HAPE inhibited the biofilm formation at the lowest concentration (125 µg/mL); meanwhile, the biofilm disruption showed to be concentration-time-dependent (p ˃ 0.05) compared to amoxicillin. In conclusion, the fractionation and hydrolyzation of APE improved the ABA; thus, those strategies are useful to design new antimicrobial compounds.

中文翻译：

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鳄梨果皮提取物的分级分离和水解：提高抗菌活性

鳄梨Hass（Persea americana Mill）果皮提取物（APE）具有作为天然成分替代化学防腐剂的潜力。本研究的目的是通过高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱/质谱（HPLC-qTOF-MS / MS），总酚含量（TPC），原花色素（PAC）含量来评估植物化学成分。 ，以及APE，有机级分（OF），水相级分（AF）和酸微波水解APE（HAPE）对抗菌活性（ABA）的抗氧化活性。结果表明，APE和含有（OF p ˂0.05）更高的酚组合物，和比AF和HAPE抗氧化活性。ABA规定铜绿假单胞菌和蜡状芽孢杆菌被所有提取物抑制（最低抑菌浓度-MIC≥500μg / mL），金黄色葡萄球菌仅被APE显着抑制（≥750μg/ mL），沙门氏菌的OF观察到相同的MIC 。和单核细胞增生李斯特菌。HAPE对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制作用提高了25％。（MIC≥750 µg / mL）和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌（MIC≥125 µg / mL）的83.34％与APE（MIC≥750 µg / mL）相比。同样，HAPE在最低浓度（125 µg / mL）下也能抑制生物膜的形成。同时，生物膜破坏表现出浓度-时间依赖性（p˃0.05）与阿莫西林比较。总之，APE的分离和水解改善了ABA。因此，这些策略对于设计新的抗菌化合物很有用。