Designing with photovoltaics (PV) is the core focus of this paper which presents the results of a design study on conceptual PV applications for electric mobility systems. This is a relevant direction for new product development because PV technology can contribute to improved features of electric mobility systems not just in terms of CO₂ emissions reduction but also regarding product aesthetics and user experiences. Design studies are multidisciplinary by nature; therefore, in this case technical, user, regulatory and aesthetic aspects are covered. Eleven conceptual designs were developed in 2019 by means of a design project executed at the University of Twente, encompassing solutions for PV-powered charging of electric vehicles, vehicle-integrated PV products and other applications. The concepts focus on various modes of transport beyond passenger cars such as public transportation, electric bicycles and utility vehicles, in some cases applying alternative charging technologies such as battery swapping and induction charging in their design. In this paper four of these conceptual designs are presented as case studies, showing their multidisciplinary focus as well as parts of the design process behind their development. An evaluation of these conceptual designs revealed several design challenges that need to be addressed in their development, including the limited space available for integrating PV cells, the technical limitations posed by some of the proposed charging methods and the effective visual communication of the concept's intended function.

中文翻译：

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为太阳能电动汽车应用设计创新解决方案

使用光伏 (PV) 进行设计是本文的核心重点，该论文介绍了电动汽车系统概念性光伏应用的设计研究结果。这是新产品开发的一个相关方向，因为光伏技术不仅可以在 CO ₂方面改善电动汽车系统的特性减排，但也关乎产品美学和用户体验。设计研究本质上是多学科的；因此，在这种情况下，涵盖了技术、用户、监管和美学方面。2019 年通过在特温特大学执行的一个设计项目开发了 11 个概念设计，包括电动汽车光伏充电解决方案、车载光伏产品和其他应用。这些概念侧重于乘用车以外的各种交通方式，如公共交通、电动自行车和多功能车，在某些情况下，在设计中应用替代充电技术，如电池交换和感应充电。在本文中，这些概念设计中有四个作为案例研究，展示他们的多学科重点以及他们开发背后的设计过程的一部分。对这些概念设计的评估揭示了在其开发过程中需要解决的几个设计挑战，包括可用于集成光伏电池的空间有限、一些提议的充电方法带来的技术限制以及概念预期功能的有效视觉传达.